Reliability of the Robinson classification for displaced comminuted midshaft clavicular fractures
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Postoperative chest radiographs on 100 children who had undergone cardiac operations were evaluated to determine the frequency of subpulmonary effusions after surgery. Of the 83 patients in whom adequate erect postoperative radiographs were available, 9 (11%) had effusions confirmed by lateral decubitus radiographs. On the frontal chest x ray film, the evidence of an effusion was an increase in distance between the diaphragm and air in the gastric fundus, or an apparent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. None of the patients examined echocardiographically had associated pericardial effusions. When a subpulmonary effusion was detected diuretic treatment was started or continued. None of the patients had radiographic evidence of residual fluid when they were seen two weeks after their discharge from hospital.
Diaphragm (acoustics)
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Investigation of the intra-observer and interobserver variation in interpretation of findings in radiographs of the temporomandibular and hand joints showed that the interpretation varied substantially, not only between two observers but also when made on two occasions by one single observer. Inter-observer variation was greater in the interpretation of radiographs of the temporomandibular joints than of the hand joints.
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Variation (astronomy)
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SUMMARY A prospective study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of CT pelvic venography (CTV) in the detection of pelvic vein thrombosis in patients referred for CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for suspected pulmonary embolism. Fifty consecutive patients referred for CTPA had CTV performed at the time of CTPA. All patients had duplex ultrasound (DUS) of the lower limb veins for evaluation of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) within 24 h of the CT study. Twelve (24%) of the 50 patients had pulmonary embolism diagnosed on CTPA. Associated DVT was detected in six of these patients; two cases were detected by CTV alone, while one case was detected by both CTV and DUS. The remaining three cases had DVT diagnosed by DUS alone. In the 38 patients with a negative CTPA, three patients had venous thrombus diagnosed by CTV. Of these three patients, two had a negative DUS study. CTV therefore led to a definitive imaging diagnosis of thrombo‐embolic disease in two (4%) more patients. CTV adds little time and cost to the CTPA examination and leads to a moderate increase in definite imaging diagnosis of thrombo‐embolic disease.
Pulmonary angiography
Venography
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Thoracic aorta
Aortic rupture
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Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS) has been demonstrated to be a valuable minimally invasive procedure for mediastinal staging of patients with lung cancer, diagnosis of intrathoracic lesions, diagnosis of unknown lymphadenopathy and re-staging the mediastinum following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC.
The aim of this minireview was to focus on EBUS for mediastinal staging of NSCLC and for further evaluation of intrathoracic lesions that remain undiagnosed despite conventional diagnostic evaluation. In conclusion, EBUS represents a good alternative to mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging of patients with NSCLC because the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity is higher and suspicious chest lesions may be biopsied with hardly any risk of complications.
Endobronchial ultrasound
Lung cancer staging
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The routine pre-operative chest radiographs of 203 consecutive patients scheduled for elective non-cardiopulmonary surgery were reviewed. There were 122 abnormal findings, 27 (22%) of which were significant, 95 (77.8%) insignificant. Of the former, 74% were due to cardiomegaly, while the latter included such findings as aortic unfolding (87%), pleural thickening (5.26%) and cervical ribs (2.11%). No abnormalities were found in subjects below 30 years of age, and there were no significant abnormal findings in subjects aged less than 40 years. This study shows that routine pre-operative chest radiographs in patients undergoing elective noncardiopulmonary surgery should be limited to patients with clinical symptoms, and high-risk patients, especially individuals aged greater than or equal to 50 years. Such radiographs are unnecessary in asymptomatic patients less than or equal to 30 years of age.
Thorax (insect anatomy)
Elective surgery
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