Xylitol induces cell death in lung cancer A549 cells by autophagy
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K562 cells
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Evidence is presented which shows that Strep. mitior and Strep. mutans (which are unable to metabolize xylitol) take yp xylitol and transfer it to xylitol phosphate. Dental plaque also takes up xylitol. In this case a xylitol/protein complex is formed in addition to xylitol phosphate and also some labelled components yet to be identified. It is suggested that accumulation of xylitol phosphate inside the cells may "poison" the bacteria and possibly explain the caries therapeutic effect of xylitol observed in some laboratories.
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Pure xylitol was prepared in a good yield by the catalytic reduction of d-xylose under high pressure, using a Ni-Fe catalyst. Xylitol was recrystallized from alcohol, methanol or dioxane. New crystalline xylitol derivatives, pentabenzoyl-xylitol (m. p.105_??_6°), tetrabenzoyl-xylitol (m. p.162.3°) and 1, 5-ditrityl-xylitol-tribenzoate (m. p. 197_??_8°) were synthesized. Pure crystalline 1, 5-ditrityl-xylitol-triacetate was also obtained from alcohol.
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The effect of successive cultivations in the presence of 6% xylitol on the uptake and expulsion of 14C-xylitol was studied using the cells of Streptococcus mutans 25175. Three sequential cultivations did not alter the growth inhibition percentage (approximately 50%) observed in the presence of 6% xylitol. The 14C-xylitol uptake experiments performed with growing and resting cells showed that both the uptake and the expulsion of xylitol were enhanced by xylitol-culturing. Both xylitol-cultured and resting control cells contained only one major labeled compound which was identified as 14C-xylitol 5-phosphate. The label subsequently was expelled from the cells as 14C-xylitol. These results indicate that S. mutans possesses an intracellular xylitol cycle and this cycle is regulated by adding xylitol to the growth medium.
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The Turku sugar studies indicated that xylitol may possess a caries-therapeutic effect. More recent data show that xylitol exhibits a bacteriostatic activity on a wide range of bacteria based on uptake and expulsion of xylitol. Intracellular xylitol 5-P appears to be a key substance associated with inhibition of bacterial metabolism by xylitol. This has been shown in studies with pure strains of bacteria, mainly Streptococcus mutans. The aim of the present study was to examine if production of xylitol 5-P occurs in freshly collected dental plaque which is exposed to labeled xylitol. Plaque extracts were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography combined with autoradiography and high performance liquid chromatography. Strong indications were obtained that xylitol 5-P is readily produced by dental plaque. No other significant xylitol metabolites were identified. The bacteriostatic properties of xylitol in plaque are a mechanism which may well account for the caries-therapeutic effect of xylitol.
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Erythritol
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Objective To evaluate the inhibitory effects of a novel 2 aminosteroid (MPZ) on the proliferation of K562 leukemia cells. Methods The effects of MPZ on the proliferation of K562 leukemia cells were in vitro studied in terms of morphology observation, cell number numeration both in liquid and in semi solid colony cultures and UV absorption in the MTT assay. Results It was verified that the inhibition of K562 leukemia cells was 46% with the 10 -8 mol·L -1 MPZ treatment and 83% with the 10 -5 mol·L -1 MPZ treatment respectively in the liquid culture for 6 days. The inhibition of K562 cells in the colony assay on day 8 was 52% and 100% implemented respectively by 10 -8 and 10 -5 mol·L -1 MPZ. In the MTT assay, K562 cells were inhibited by 29% and 88% respectively after the treatment with 10 -8 and 10 -5 mol·L -1 MPZ for 5 days. Conclusion The proliferation of K562 leukemia cells was inhibited by MPZ (10 -8 ～10 -5 mol·L -1 ) in a dose dependent manner.
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High‐concentration xylitol chewing gum has been used therapeutically in public health programs in Europe for quite some time. The use of xylitol as a sweetener is slowly increasing in the United States. There is much evidence that xylitol can be a useful adjunct in preventing dental caries because of its effect on mutans streptococci ( MS ) in the oral environment. This review examines some of the literature that identifies the various benefits and capabilities of xylitol as a preventive therapeutic agent. Xylitol chewing gum is a convenient and pleasant preventive tool that almost all patients can use and enjoy.
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Objective To observe the effects of allicin on proliferation of human erythroleukemia cell line K562 cells.Methods K562 cells of exponential phase were incubated with allicin in different concentrations in vitro,K562 cells proliferation inhibition was detected by the methods of morphologic observation,auspicious dye and MTT colorimetric assay.Results K562 cells showed morphologic changes of apoptosis induced by allicin;MTT colorimetric assay revealed that the proliferation of K562 cells was significantly inhibited by allicin in dose and time dependent manner.Conclusion The allicin inhibited the growth of K562 cells.
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