Risk Assessment for Osteoporosis Using Bone Mineral Density Determination
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Densitometry
Clinical Practice
A self-administrated questionnaire was performed to clarify the actual circumstances of community-based screening for osteoporosis. The results revealed that only 25 percent of communities performed follow-up of high-risk participants, representing a disappointing result for assessing evidence of the benefits of measuring bone mineral density in preventing osteoporosis. Secondly, a review of the literature was performed to clarify the benefits of measuring bone mineral density in preventing osteoporosis. The review revealed that increased measurements could predict fractures among elderly and peri- and postmenopausal women, and elderly men.
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Objective: To determine the incidence of densitometric osteoporosis in elderly postmenopausal women.
Material and Methods: We conducted an observational, prospective cross-sectional and descriptive and non-probability. 146 Patients were included women older adults who were a bone densitometry test complete in the service of densitometry of the center Global medical diagnosis.
Results: Of the 146 cases, found 8 (5.48 %) and normal densitometry 138 (94.52 %) abnormal; of which we have 38 (26.03 % of the cases of osteopenia and 100 (68.49 %) cases of osteoporosis. Of the 100 cases of osteoporosis 6 (6 %) only presented commitment in column, 25 (25 %) only presented commitment in forearm, 49 (49 %) showed commitment in column and forearm, 3 (3 %) showed commitment in hips and forearm, and only 17 (17 %) cases committed the three regions: spine, hips and forearm.
Osteoporosis is higher in women older than 75 years to 84 years; since the age of 85 to 94 years, where is no longer found normal cases.
Conclusion: We concluded that in the majority of reviews densitometric which they are performed, the female sex older adult, osteoporosis is frequent. In our study, the 68.5 % of women have osteoporosis. It was shown that osteoporosis is higher in postmenopausal women who have greater weight, with 51 (70 %) of cases and smaller size, with 68 (74.7 %) of cases.
It was concluded that the highest incidence of osteoporosis according to the three regions evaluated, is in the forearm with 95 (65.1 %) cases of osteoporosis.
Key words: densitometry, osteoporosis, osteopenia
Densitometry
Osteopenia
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Densitometry
Dual energy
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This report provides general information about osteoporosis and describes the use of bone densitometry as a tool to screen for, diagnose and manage osteoporosis in white postmenopausal women. Discussion is limited to white women because of lack of research on osteoporosis in men, and in women of different racial and ethnic groups. The report does not evaluate the safety and efficacy of all bone densitometry devices, but focuses on the two diffusing most rapidly in Minnesota--dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease that affects approximately 24 million Americans. Of that number 33 percent are post-menopausal women who have decreased bone density due to lowered estrogen levels. Because the estimated cost of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States is between $8 and $10 billion each year, there is great interest in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of the disease. Of all related fractures, hip fractures pose the most serious health problem. The incidence of this fracture appears to be increasing, with 250,000 to 300,000 occurring each year Treatment options are limited, if a person's bone mass or density has deteriorated to the point where fractures may occur. Preventive measures should therefore be undertaken by all women early in life to decrease their risk of osteoporosis. Based on available evidence, the HTAC concludes that state-of-the-art bone densitometry is safe and indicated as a diagnostic and treatment aid for postmenopausal women at risk for the disease. However, bone densitometry is not indicated as a broad screening tool for all postmenopausal women, regardless of whether they are at risk for the disease.
Densitometry
Bone disease
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Since its first characterisation, osteoporosis has always been defined on an anatomical basis. The term osteoporosis refers to a reduction (or atrophy) in the amount of bone tissue and to microarchitectural deterioration without any mineralisation defect. Its clinical significance lies in the fractures (vertebral fracture, Colles' fracture and hip fracture) that occur spontaneously or after a minimal trauma. During the past 15 years, developments in technology of bone mass measurement (osteodensitometry) currently allow a diagnosis of osteoporosis at its anatomical stage characterised by a reduction in bone mass (osteopenia) without any symptom. A definition based on densitometry offers the major advantage of an early diagnosis, well before the development of fractures. It has been validated recently by several prospective studies which have confirmed the close relationship between the decrease in bone mass and the fracture risk. This modern densitometric approach of osteoporosis has major therapeutic implications. Indications of curative treatments of osteoporosis has major therapeutic implications. Indications of curative treatments of osteoporosis should be reconsidered according to the contribution of bone densitometry.
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Objective: To describe how the results of bone densitometry affect women's decisions about measures to prevent fractures and to determine whether labeling women as having below-normal bone density has adverse effects. Design: Mail survey of a random sample of women. Setting: Four community hospitals in the San Francisco Bay area. Patients: A total of 261 women (response rate, 81.3%) who had undergone bone densitometry. Measurements: Bone densitometry and self-report of changes in attitude and behaviors. Results: Fifty-three percent of the women reported that their first bone density measurements were below normal, and 44% said that they were diagnosed as having osteoporosis on the basis of their test results. Women who reported that their bone density measurements were below normal were much more likely than women with normal results to begin some type of measure to prevent fractures (94% compared with 56%; P < 0.01), to start hormone therapy (38% compared with 8%; P < 0.01), and to take precautions to avoid falling (50% compared with 9%; P < 0.01). Women reporting low bone density, however, also became more fearful of falling (38% compared with 2%; P < 0.01) and limited their activities to avoid falling (24% compared with 2%; P < 0.01). Conclusions: The results of bone densitometry substantially influence women's decisions about beginning estrogen replacement therapy and other preventive measures for osteoporotic fractures. The potential effects of labeling a woman as having below-normal bone density need to be considered before densitometry is widely used for unselective screening of women.
Densitometry
Affect
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Densitometry
Dual energy
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Bone mineral content
Gold standard (test)
Standard score
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Densitometry
Densitometer
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OBJECTIVE To understand osteoporosis and bone mineral density measurement of middle-aged and aged people in Huairou of Beijing, put forward the prevention measures. METHODS Used Metriscan dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to detect bone mineral density in 894 cases, relationship between bone mineral density measurement and T-Score score (T), the prevalence of osteoporosis. RESULTS Every 10 years as a age period, a total of five age periods, age increased while bone mineral density, T value gradually declined, there were significant differences in bone mineral density value, T value in each age group (P﹤0.05). The bone mineral density and T value in each group were different between genders (P﹤0.05). (2) In 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, and 70-79 years, and 80 years groups, male osteoporosis prevalence was 2.31%, 4.76%, 17.11%, 33.33%、 64.29%, and female 3.31%, 11.97%, 35.56%, 61.54%, 75.00%. Female osteoporosis prevalence was higher than male. Older than 50 years, differences in prevalence were found between genders (P﹤0.05). CONCLUSION Determination of bone density contributes to the early detection of osteoporosis, osteoporosis prevalence of elderly in Huairou the increases with increasing age. Women have lower bone density and their osteoporosis prevalence is more serious, who is the main controlled target.
Dual energy
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
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