Comparative evaluation of polymer inclusion membranes containing several substituted diglycolamides for actinide ion separations
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Cellulose triacetate
Nitric acid
Several substituted diglycolamides, namely TPDGA, THDGA, TODGA, and TDDGA, were evaluated in a comparative study on the extraction of hexavalent actinide ions such as UO22+, NpO22+, and PuO22+ from nitric acid medium. The acid extraction constants (KH) for the diglycolamides were determined to be 3.8 ± 0.6, 1.6 ± 0.1, 4.1 ± 0.4, and 1.4 ± 0.2 for TPDGA, THDGA, TODGA, and TDDGA, respectively. Though metal ion extraction generally increased with increasing the feed acid concentration, the nature of the extracted species changed with aqueous-phase acidity. While complexes of the type MO2(NO3)2·nL (where L is the diglycolamide extractant and n is 1 and 2) were found to be extracted at 1 M HNO3, the average number of ligand molecules associated with the complex decreased to ˜1 when the nitric acid concentration increased to 3 M. These results have great significance from the actinide separation point of view, as the actinides ions can be made virtually inextractable by adjusting their oxidation state. The thermodynamic parameters were also calculated, which indicated spontaneous reactions with large exothermicities.
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Extraction of lanthanides and actinides from nitric acid solutions by using HDEHDGA as a neutral extractant instead of a carboxylate as a counter anion.
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Cellulose triacetate
Gamma Irradiation
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The Permeation characteristics of the cellulose triacetate membrane used for hemofiltration were studied and compared with other commercially available sheet type membranes. The critical solute fractionation profile of the cellulose triacetate membrane was very similar to that of a glomerular basement membrane. The cellulose triacetate membrane showed a typical gel concentration polarization with a protein solution; however, the surface of the membrane is considered to be relatively homogeneous for permeation based on the relation between fluxes of the protein solution and saline: the flux of the protein solution is not much less than that of saline. This result differs from that observed with other membranes. Because of these desirable characteristics the cellulose triacetate membrane is considered to be suitable as a membrane for a hemofiltration system.
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The cellulose triacetate membrane is one of the typical high-performance membranes. Cellulose triacetate is a plastic material manufactured from cellulose. The hydroxyl group of cellulose is chemically substituted for the carboxyl group. Therefore, its characteristics are quite different from cellulose. The cellulose triacetate membrane has a homogeneous membrane structure. It can be produced with a wide range of permeability, from low-flux performance to super high-flux performance. Because the thickness of the membrane is thin, and flow distribution of the dialysate (due to the moiré structure) is uniform, this enables the development of a dialyzer with high diffusive efficiency. Recently, this new product, improved through a sieving process, produced a uniform pore size distribution. As for the dialyzer, through sterilization by γ-rays with the absence of oxygen, now enables long-term safety of the product. Several clinical improvements have been reported, such as high antithrombus, the improvement of lipid metabolism and the reduction of biomarkers. Thus, continuous membrane development is desired, made of safe and stable cellulose triacetate material.
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Cellulose triacetate film base has been widely applied in photographic materials for good mechanical properties and use safety.The performance characteristics of cellulose triacetate film base was introduced simply,the production and research progress is reviewed,and the development trend were discussed also.
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Polarized boards is an important component element of the liquid crystal devices. The cellulose triacetate film for the polarized boards and the cellulose triacetate film as photographic material support are both polymer materials made by cellulose triacetate-casting. But due to the different applications, the demands for characteristics of the materials are also different. The important quality characteristics of the TAC film were studied through comparison of above-mentioned two materials. And based on the results, technological evolution of TAC film were reviewed.
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