THE EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 FATTY ACIDS ON SERUM LIPOPROTEINS AND APO-PROTEINS LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
0
Citation
8
Reference
20
Related Paper
Cite
The effects of altering the type of dietary fat on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were investigated in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats fed non‐purified diets containing corn oil, olive oil, cod‐liver oil, sheep tallow and lard. After 32 days of experimental feeding, plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined. Body weights and food intake were also measured. In neither animal group did the type of fat in the diet affect significantly the plasma levels of lipids and lipoproteins and their calculated ratios, and plasma glucose, body weight change or accumulative food intakes. In all studied diabetic rats, significant correlations were observed between body weight change and the following plasma variables: total cholesterol level (r = —0.37, P < 0.03), low density lipoprotein cholesterol level (r = —0.38, P<0.03) and triglycéride concentration (r = —0.36, P < 0.04). A significant positive correlation (r = 0.60, P < 0.0003) was also found between plasma levels of glucose and triglycérides. No significant correlations were noticed between accumulative food intakes and any of the studied variables. It is concluded that, in uncontrolled hyperglycemia in diabetes, the type of fat in the diet exerts little or no influence on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations.
Tallow
Corn oil
Cite
Citations (3)
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary fatty-acid composition regulates lipids and lipoprotein metabolism and may confer CVD benefit. This review updates understanding of the effect of dietary fatty-acids on human lipoprotein metabolism. In elderly participants with hyperlipidemia, high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acids (PUFA) consumption diminished hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) secretion and enhanced TRL to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) conversion. n-3 PUFA also decreased TRL-apoB-48 concentration by decreasing TRL-apoB-48 secretion. High n-6 PUFA intake decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations by up-regulating VLDL lipolysis and uptake. In a study of healthy subjects, the intake of saturated fatty-acids with increased palmitic acid at the sn-2 position was associated with decreased postprandial lipemia. Low medium-chain triglyceride may not appreciably alter TRL metabolism. Replacing carbohydrate with monounsaturated fatty-acids increased TRL catabolism. Trans-fatty-acid decreased LDL and enhanced high-density lipoprotein catabolism. Interactions between APOE genotype and n-3 PUFA in regulating lipid responses were also described. The major advances in understanding the effect of dietary fatty-acids on lipoprotein metabolism has centered on n-3 PUFA. This knowledge emphasizes the importance of regulating lipoprotein metabolism as a mode to improve plasma lipids and potentially CVD risk. Additional studies are required to better characterize the cardiometabolic effects of other dietary fatty-acids.
Chylomicron
Lipoprotein particle
Cite
Citations (118)
N-3 fatty acids have several beneficial effects on dyslipidemia and diabetes, conditions which are prevalent in the elderly. This study assessed the effects of low-dose n-3 fatty acids on serum lipid profile, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein B, fasting glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in a group of elderly Iranians.A 6-month randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in 124 elderly residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation aged >or= 65. The intervention group was supplemented with 1 g/day fish oil capsule (with 180 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; and 120 mg docosahexaenoic acid, DHA; a total of 300 mg n-3 fatty acids as effective constituents). Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 months of the trial.There were no significant effects of fish oil on the studied variables in the intervention group. In the placebo group, serum triglyceride significantly increased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased (p = 0.01 and p = 0.009, respectively). By repeated measurement analysis after adjustments, the overall decrease in serum triglycerides compared with placebo was significant (p = 0.04).Supplementation with low dose n-3 fatty acids for 6 months could significantly protect elderly Iranians from a rise in serum triglycerides.
Dyslipidemia
Lipid Profile
Cite
Citations (36)
Review human intervention trials that investigated the effects of linoleic acid (LA), the essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), on lipid risk markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in healthy individuals. These major lipid risk markers include high serum concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), and low serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), as well as lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein A1 (associated with HDL), and apolipoprotein B (associated with LDL). The mechanisms by which LA affects these lipid risk markers and dietary recommendations for LA in decreasing lipid risk markers are discussed. PubMed was used to search for peer-reviewed journal articles on the effects of LA on lipid risk markers for cardiovascular disease in healthy individuals. The search process took place from April to June of 2020. Articles were included if the amount of LA consumed, in grams or percentage of energy, was discussed in relation to cardiovascular disease during an intervention trial. Observational, postprandial and animal studies were excluded. According to reviewed human intervention trials, the following were the major findings: 1) LA decreased total cholesterol compared to diets not containing significant amounts of PUFAs; 2) LA decreased LDL-C compared to saturated fatty acids; 3) LA decreased VLDL-C compared to oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA); 4) there were inconsistent results regarding LA consumption on TGs; and 5) HDL-C did not differ compared to oleic acid. A dietary strategy to decrease CVD risk factors is to replace a portion of saturated fatty acids with MUFAs and PUFAs. To our knowledge, this is the first review to demonstrate that consumption of LA decreases lipid risk markers for CVD in healthy individuals during intervention trials. Therefore, it is recommended to incorporate adequate sources of LA, such as vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds into the diet to decrease lipid risk markers for CVD. No funding was used for this project.
Lipid Profile
Cite
Citations (1)
Polyunsaturated fat
Cite
Citations (121)
Lipid Profile
Alpha (finance)
Cite
Citations (0)
To assess and compare the effects of two diets low in saturated fatty acids (SFA): a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) healthy US-style eating pattern (USDA diet) and a similar diet containing 150 g/d of lean beef in place of refined starches and added sugars (USDA-LB), on insulin sensitivity and other cardiometabolic markers in adults at-risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). This randomized, controlled crossover trial included two screening visits, a baseline visit, and two 28-d diet periods, separated by a 2-week washout. Thirty-three subjects (7 men, 26 women) provided evaluable data for this analysis. All foods were provided for each 28-d period. At baseline and at the end of each diet condition, insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function were assessed with a 50-min intravenous glucose tolerance test. Other risk markers evaluated included fasting lipoprotein lipids, particles and subfractions, apolipoproteins A1 and B, homeostasis model assessment of fasting insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Baseline values and responses for selected variables are shown in the Table. Neither the USDA nor the USDA-LB diets had significant effects on insulin sensitivity or pancreatic beta-cell function; however, both produced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) versus baseline. The USDA diet also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced median non-HDL-C and mean total cholesterol (total-C) compared to baseline, but the response did not differ significantly from that of the USDA-LB diet. A shift toward larger and more buoyant LDL subfractions compared to the USDA diet (P = 0.007) and baseline (P < 0.05) occurred with the USDA-LB diet. No other significant differences were observed in carbohydrate or lipid metabolism and assessed parameters. Intake of a low-SFA, USDA healthy US-style diet lowered total-C, non-HDL-C, and HDL-C compared with baseline. Inclusion of 150 g/d of lean beef did not adversely affect insulin sensitivity and related cardiometabolic markers compared with the USDA healthy diet and produced a shift toward larger, more buoyant LDL subfractions. Funded by The Beef Checkoff.
Crossover study
Cite
Citations (0)
Cite
Citations (2)
Cite
Citations (0)
Three lipid lowering diets for treatment of different types of hyperlipoproteinemia were prepared based on ordinary Swedish food. Seven different daily menus were planned with an identical composition at all energy levels. The fat and protein content provided 34–35% and 20% of the energy, respectively. The ratios between polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids varied in the three diets between 1.3 and 2.0. The cholesterol content was 0.14 g per 6.7 MJ. The effects of the diets were evaluated under isoenergetic conditions in 45 hyperlipoproteinemic patients during 2 weeks. The concentration of the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides decreased by 27–33%, the low density lipoprotein by 16–19% and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 5–13% compared with the concentrations during a preceding 2-week period on a control diet. No changes of the lipoprotein removal capacity indicated that the effects were mainly due to a reduced production of serum lipoproteins.
Polyunsaturated fat
High-density lipoprotein
Energy density
Cite
Citations (15)