Studies of the beam extraction system of the GTS-LHC electron cyclotron resonance ion source at CERN
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The 14.5 GHz GTS-LHC Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) provides multiply charged heavy ion beams for the CERN experimental program. The GTS-LHC beam formation has been studied extensively with lead, argon, and xenon beams with varied beam extraction conditions using the ion optical code IBSimu. The simulation model predicts self-consistently the formation of triangular and hollow beam structures which are often associated with ECRIS ion beams, as well as beam loss patterns which match the observed beam induced markings in the extraction region. These studies provide a better understanding of the properties of the extracted beams and a way to diagnose the extraction system performance and limitations, which is otherwise challenging due to the lack of direct diagnostics in this region and the limited availability of the ion source for development work.Keywords:
Electron cyclotron resonance
Highly charged ion
A new concept to assist in the extraction of ion beams from an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) by the injection of an electron beam from the extraction side into the ion-source plasma is proposed. In this article, the construction of a test setup is described and first results of experiments with this setup at the 14 GHz ECRIS of the Frankfurt ECRIS-(ve)RFQ facility are reported.
Electron cyclotron resonance
Ion cyclotron resonance
Cyclotron resonance
Highly charged ion
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The backward and forward injection of a 1+ ion beam in a MINIMAFIOS type electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) have given good results for the 1+→n+ method. Due to the technological simplicity of the forward injection, additional experiments have been performed with this configuration. Different primary sources (1+) have been used for the injection (2.45 GHz ECRIS, hollow cathode source, simplified 10 GHz NANOGAN type ECRIS), an increase of the performances has already been obtained (Zn, Kr, Ar), and a measurement of the absolute efficiency with the NANOGAN type-MINIMAFIOS association is performed. Due to the high performance of the 10 GHz CAPRICE source used as a highly charged ion injector in the first cyclotron of SARA (Système Accélérateur Rhône-Alpes), it has been tested as a different n+ source for the 1+→n+ method. In this purpose, a low energy spread–low emittance thermoionization Rb ion source has been used as 1+ injector. A standard operation of the SARA-CAPRICE source has been kept with respect to the microwave coupling. The spectra of the Rbn+ ions extracted are compared when using N2 and O2 as support gases. The highest efficiency is obtained for the Rb13+.
Electron cyclotron resonance
Ion gun
Beam emittance
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Ion cyclotron resonance
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A new 14.5GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance(ECR) ion source has been constructed over the last two years.The source was designed and tested by making use of the latest results from ECR ion source development ,such as high mirror magnetic filed,large plasma volume,and biased probe.140μA of O^7+,185μA of Ar^11+ and 50 μA of Xe^26+ could be produced with a RF power of 800W, The intense beams of highly charged metallic ions are produced by means of the method of a metal evaporation oven and volatile compound throuth axial access,The test results are 130μA of Ca^11+,70μA of Ca^12+ and 65 μA of Fe^10+,The ion source has been put into operation for the cyclotron at the Institute of Moderm Physics(IMP).
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Ion cyclotron resonance
Cyclotron resonance
Highly charged ion
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A new compact version of the "liquid He-free" superconducting ECR ion source, to be used as an injector of highly charged heavy ions for the MC-400 cyclotron, is designed and built at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions in collaboration with the Laboratory of High Energy Physics of JINR. The axial magnetic field of the source is created by the superconducting magnet and the NdFeB hexapole is used for the radial plasma confinement. The microwave frequency of 14 GHz is used for ECR plasma heating. During the first tests, the source shows a good enough performance for the production of medium charge state ions. In this paper, we will present the design parameters and the preliminary results with gaseous ions.
Electron cyclotron resonance
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Highly charged ion
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The backward and forward injection of a 1+ ion beam in a MINIMAFIOS type electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) have given good results for the 1+→n+ method. Due to the technological simplicity of the forward injection, additional experiments have been performed with this configuration. Different primary sources (1+) have been used for the injection (2.45 GHz ECRIS, hollow cathode source, simplified 10 GHz NANOGAN type ECRIS), an increase of the performances has already been obtained (Zn, Kr, Ar), and a measurement of the absolute efficiency with the NANOGAN type-MINIMAFIOS association is performed. Due to the high performance of the 10 GHz CAPRICE source used as a highly charged ion injector in the first cyclotron of SARA (Système Accélérateur Rhône-Alpes), it has been tested as a different n+ source for the 1+→n+ method. In this purpose, a low energy spread–low emittance thermoionization Rb ion source has been used as 1+ injector. A standard operation of the SARA-CAPRICE source has been kept with respect to the microwave coupling. The spectra of the Rbn+ ions extracted are compared when using N2 and O2 as support gases. The highest efficiency is obtained for the Rb13+.
Electron cyclotron resonance
Ion gun
Highly charged ion
Ion cyclotron resonance
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The superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source with advanced design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) is a superconducting-magnet-based electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) for the production of intense highly charged heavy ion beams. It is one of the best performing ECRISs worldwide and the first superconducting ECRIS built with an innovative magnet to generate a high strength minimum-B field for operation with heating microwaves up to 24--28 GHz. Since its commissioning in 2005, SECRAL has so far produced a good number of continuous wave intensity records of highly charged ion beams, in which recently the beam intensities of ${^{40}\mathrm{Ar}}^{12+}$ and ${^{129}\mathrm{Xe}}^{26+}$ have, for the first time, exceeded 1 emA produced by an ion source. Routine operations commenced in 2007 with the Heavy Ion accelerator Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), China. Up to June 2017, SECRAL has been providing more than 28,000 hours of highly charged heavy ion beams to the accelerator demonstrating its great capability and reliability. The great achievement of SECRAL is accumulation of numerous technical advancements, such as an innovative magnetic system and an efficient double-frequency ($24+18\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GHz}$) heating with improved plasma stability. This article reviews the development of SECRAL and production of intense highly charged ion beams by SECRAL focusing on its unique magnet design, source commissioning, performance studies and enhancements, beam quality and long-term operation. SECRAL development and its performance studies representatively reflect the achievements and status of the present ECR ion source, as well as the ECRIS impacts on HIRFL.
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Electron cyclotron resonance
Ion gun
Ion cyclotron resonance
Separator (oil production)
Highly charged ion
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A new electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source (LECR3—Lanzhou Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source No. 3) has been constructed this year. The main purpose of this source is to provide highly charged ion beams for atomic physics and surface physics research. The design of this ion source is based on the IMP 14.5 GHz ECR ion source (LECR2—Lanzhou Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source No. 2) with double rf heating by inserting waveguide directly and aluminum chamber. Furthermore, the volume of the plasma chamber is larger than that of LECR2 so as to increase the rf power and improve beam intensity for highly charged ions. But the hexapole field on the chamber wall is kept the same value in order to compare with the performance of LECR2. After only four days conditioning the first test results were obtained. The final result of this ion source is expected to be better than LECR2’s.
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Highly charged ion
Ion cyclotron resonance
Cyclotron resonance
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Electron cyclotron resonance
Ion cyclotron resonance
Highly charged ion
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A compact electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source has been designed at 2.45 GHz microwave frequency for ion implanter and is being tested. The design is based on a straightforward application of the method adopted for conventional ECR ion sources for multiply charged ions: a closed ECR surface completely contained in the plasma chamber. Initial tests have shown a promising indication: a total current of about 7 mA of Ar ions has been extracted at 25 kV extraction voltage. Design features and preliminary performance are reported.
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Ion cyclotron resonance
Cyclotron resonance
Highly charged ion
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