EVALUATION OF TACTILE SENSATION FOR FABRICS OF VARIOUS FIBER FINENESS
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Tactile sensation for four nylon6 satin fabrics of different fiber fineness has been examined. Four grades of fineness of the fibers were employed as 0.74 (micro-fiber), 1.4, 4.4, and 56 dtex. Several tactile adjectives effective to express tactile sensation were selected by means of factor analysis for questionnaire data. The tactile adjectives selected were related to feeling and sense to heat and moisture. The evaluation data for tactile sensation of fabrics were analyzed by paired comparison method using the selected adjectives. It is stressed that the correspondence of tactile sensation to physical properties of the fabrics was observed for fiber fineness of about ldtex or more. It has been further clarified tin the present work that the micro fiber fabric shows a specific tactile sensation compared with normal fiber fabric.Keywords:
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Sensation
Fiber type
Simulation on fiber random arrangement in the yarn has been studied in our previous research, where only fiber length distribution was considered. In this study, fiber fineness distribution was also taken into account in order to study the joint effect of fiber length and fineness distribution on fiber arrangement in the yarn. Eight-millimeter term limit irregularity of simulated yarn can be re-expressed by calculating the irregularity of the total weight of fibers within each yarn subsection. It can be seen from the results that the calculated irregularities considering fiber fineness distribution are closer to tested values compared with those without considering fiber fineness distribution. Besides, when the variance of fiber fineness gets greater, the difference between the calculated values with and without considering fiber fineness distribution becomes more obvious. For fiber length, the effect of average fiber length on yarn limit irregularity is very little, while its distribution has no significant effect on yarn limit irregularity. The improved simulation on fiber random arrangement in the yarn is more reasonable and can be applied for the prediction of yarn qualities.
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The theoretical yarn unevenness has been discussed by considering the joint influence of fiber length distribution and fiber fineness. For fiber length distribution, the fiber length density function was derived from the specific Weibull parameters obtained from actual fiber length measurements using an USTER AFIS instrument. Meanwhile, fiber fineness was added to Suh’s model by expressing spun yarn irregularity in terms of fiber mass variation. Comparisons of the calculated value of theoretical yarn unevenness in this paper with the tested and previously researched ones for different cotton yarns have been made. It is shown that the theoretical yarn unevenness calculated in this paper could better reflect the effect of fiber length and fiber fineness on yarn unevenness. This might be the theoretical foundation for the prediction of theoretical cotton yarn unevenness on the basis of actual fiber length distribution and fiber fineness.
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Changes in length and fineness of jute fiber filaments have been studied at different stages of yarn production, including carding, drawing, roving, and spinning. Length decreases and the filament becomes finer as processing progresses. The distribution of length and the length-fineness relation, however, remain similar in all stages. Fila ment length in yarns made by a standard process from different types of jute depends only slightly on fiber quality, w hile intrinsic filament fineness correlates fairly well with the filament fineness of unprocessed fiber.
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This study investigates the assessment of fiber fineness by a range of techniques. Conventional airflow and gravimetric methods were compared with derivative thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). The novel use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for examining fiber cross-sections has also been deployed. DTG analysis when compared with airflow measurements has shown that differences in fiber fineness can be modeled from the pyrolysis data. The relationship between the two methods was highly significant. The diameter of the fiber cross-sections, measured from SEM micrographs, revealed a significant relationship with both DTG and airflow measurements. Gravimeteric determinations exhibited a poor correlation with the other methods and have shown an inability to distinguish between fibers of similar grades. The use of DTG for predicting fiber fineness was validated using partial least squares regression on a test set of samples. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 75: 508–514, 2000
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Maturity and fineness are important physical properties of cotton fibers affecting qualities of fibers and yarns. A number of methods are used for measuring fiber maturity and fineness from developed fibers that are desiccated and harvested from open bolls. With the recent advent of molecular breeding and genomics, there is a growing need for measuring the physical properties of developing fibers that are living cells containing genetic materials. Unlike the developed fibers, the developing fibers are immature fibers composed of high levels of physiological sugars causing stickiness. Therefore, there is a challenge in measuring fiber properties from the developing fibers. To identify methods enabling the measurement fiber maturity and fineness from developing fibers, we compared various methods including the use of the USTER Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS), high-volume instrument, Cottonscope, fiber cross-section image analysis microscopy, cellulose assay, and gravimetric fineness methods. Our results showed that maturity ratios (MR) measured from high maturity fibers correlated among all methods, whereas AFIS MR measured from low maturity fibers did not correlate with other methods. The fineness values measured by AFIS and Cottonscope were affected by the levels of physiological sugars in developing fibers. As a result, we conclude that pre-elimination of physiological sugars causing the stickiness was crucial to measure accurate fineness values from developing fibers. The results demonstrated strengths and weaknesses of various methods of measuring fiber maturity and fineness from immature and developing fibers. The information will help cotton scientists measuring and interpreting fiber properties from developing fibers.
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A new method of estimating cotton fiber dimensions is developed, based on the geometrical properties of a loosely-coiled fiber. The theoretical principles are supported by experimental studies based on actual microscopic measurements of a wide range of cotton fiber types. The procedure involved cutting short segments ( ca. 2 mm) from the midregions of the fibers and mounting them in minimal amounts of a suitable clearing/mounting medium (3 parts 85% lactic acid: 1 part isopropyl alcohol). Fibers so prepared can be measured more accurately then dry fibers, although the mounting medium induces a slight swelling of the fiber walls.
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The effects of the single fiber property fiber fineness on the physical properties of single yarns, both coarse and fine and of varying twist, were investigated. To permit the study of fiber fine ness while maintaining other important properties approximately constant, a special technique was used which controlled the length factor by reducing all the cottons to common quartile and mean lengths. The cottons selected—Seaberry Sea Island, Mesa Acala, Tanguis, and Rowden 41—B—represented extremes in fineness, ranging from 2.9 to 5.6 μg. per in., and had other impor tant fiber properties approximately equal. The study showed mainly that a relationship exists between fiber fineness and the turns per inch required in a single yarn to obtain optimum yarn- strength benefits. Low-twist yarns decreased less rapidly in strength from maximum strength when made from fine than when made from coarse fibers. In contrast, high-twist yarns de creased more rapidly in strength when made from fine rather than when made from coarse fibers. Yarns made from coarse fibers required more twist to attain maximum yarn strength than those made from fine fibers. The study also revealed that fiber fineness does not materially affect yarn elongation. In addition, it was found that fiber fineness is a critical factor of roving twist.
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To determine the the fiber fineness in different parts of the old and young leaves. the pineapple leaf fiber of comte de paris was used as raw material, The results showed that, the length of fiber extracted from the old leaves of comte de paris pineapple ranged from 70 cm to 90 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the the tip and root were 14.13 dtex and 18.50 dtex, respectively. While the length of fiber extracted from the young leaves of comte de paris pineapple ranged from 45 cm to 65 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the the tip and root were 13.09 dtex and 15.03 dtex, respectively. Variance analysis reveals that the fiber fineness of root and tip in the old pineapple leaf showed significant difference (P<0.05) in comte de paris pineapple.
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The banana is one of the most commonly consumed fruits in Sri Lanka; after the fruit is harvested, the pseudostem is thrown down as waste. The banana pseudostem is a good source of natural fiber. The purpose of this project is to investigate the effects of banana fiber extraction, examine treatment parameters on fiber fineness and establish suitable methods to reduce the fineness that enable banana fibers to be used as textile materials. Ten popular Sri Lankan varieties of banana pseudostem were selected for this study. From the mechanically extracted banana fiber of these 10 varieties, Ambun (genome AAA) was selected for further analysis because it had the lowest fiber fineness. Four layers from the pseudostem of Ambun were extracted and put through a fineness and single fiber strength test. Scanning electron microscopy and fiber linear density were used to observe and determine the fineness of the enzyme and chemical treated banana fiber. The mechanical strength of the treated banana fibers was obtained by using a universal tensile tester machine. The test result showed the second and the third layers of the pseudostem to be the finest. The mechanically extracted fiber of the second and third layers of the pseudostem were put through an enzyme and chemical treatment. Results showed enzyme and chemical combined treated fibers to be the finest, with a reduced diameter from 168.4 µm to 48.8 µm, which is about 71% reduction compared to mechanical extraction.
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Sri lanka
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To determine the fiber fineness in different parts of the old and new leaves, the pineapple leaf fiber of smooth cayenne and comte de paris was used as the raw materials. The results showed that, the length of fiber extracted from the old leaves of smooth cayenne pineapple was ranged from 80 cm to 100 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the the tip and root was 14.40 dtex and 18.53 dtex, respectively, while the length of fiber extracted from the new leaves of smooth cayenne pineapple was ranged from 50 cm to 70 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the tip and root was 13.27 dtex and 14.77 dtex, respectively. In comte de paris pineapple, the length of fiber extracted from old leaves was ranged from 70 cm to 90 cm, the average fiber fineness of the tip was 14.13 dtex and the root was 18.50 dtex. However, the length of fiber extracted from the new leaves in comte de paris pineapple was ranged form 45 cm to 65 cm, and the average fiber fineness of the tip and root was 13.09dtex and 15.03 dtex. Variance analysis revealed that the fiber fineness of root and tip in the old pineapple leaf showed significant difference(p0.05) in smooth cayenne pineapple and comte de paris pineapple.
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