A plasmid rescue technique for the recovery of plant DNA disrupted by T-DNA insertion
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In vitro recombination
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This paper presents a method for insertion of genetic material into a specific site in T-DNA, the portion of Agrobacterium tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid that becomes incorporated into the nuclear DNA of transformed plant cells when crown gall tumors are incited by this plant pathogen. The three stages of our procedure are as follows: 1. A T-DNA subfragment cloned in pBR322 is cleaved by a restriction endonuclease at a unique central site and target DNA (a kanamycin resistance marker) is ligated into this site. 2. The resulting recombinant plasmid is purified and cleaved with EcoRI; the resulting fragment bearing the kanamycin resistance marker is ligated into the unique EcoRI site of pRK290, a wide-host-range plasmid. 3. The pRK290 recombinant plasmid is transformed into an agrobacterium tumefaciens strain containing a wild type Ti plasmid. Double recombination between the altered T-DNA fragment of the clone and its wild-type counterpart in the Ti plasmid is selected for by introduction of R751-pMG2, a plasmid incompatible with pRK290. The approach described here can be adapted for introducing genes into higher plant cells with the Ti plasmid as vector. It can likewise be used for site- or fragment-specific mutagenesis of the Ti plasmid as a means of detailed functional analysis.
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In vivo recombinational cloning in yeast is a very efficient method. Until now, this method has been limited to experiments with yeast vectors because most animal, insect, and bacterial vectors lack yeast replication origins. We developed a new system to apply yeast-based in vivo cloning to vectors lacking yeast replication origins. Many cloning vectors are derived from the plasmid pBR322 and have a similar backbone that contains the ampicillin resistance gene and pBR322-derived replication origin for Escherichia coli. We constructed a helper plasmid pSU0 that allows the in vivo conversion of a pBR322-derived vector to a yeast/E. coli shuttle vector through the use of this backbone sequence. The DNA fragment to be cloned is PCR-amplified with the addition of 40 bp of homology to a pBR322-derived vector. Cotransformation of linearized pSU0, the pBR322-derived vector, and a PCR-amplified DNA fragment, results in the conversion of the pBR322-derived vector into a yeast/E. coli shuttle vector carrying the DNA fragment of interest. Furthermore, this method is applicable to multifragment cloning, which is useful for the creation of fusion genes. Our method provides an alternative to traditional cloning methods.
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