The reinforcing properties of amphetamine in overweight subjects and subjects with depression
24
Citation
0
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
The reinforcing properties of amphetamine were assessed in two groups of subjects for whom the drug was hypothesized to be a more effective reinforcer than for control subjects. Preference for amphetamine (5 and 10 mg) over placebo was evaluated in subjects who were concerned about being overweight (n = 13), in subjects with depression (n = 15), and in control subjects (n = 25). Subjective effects of the drugs were measured by self-report questionnaires. All three groups chose 5 mg d-amphetamine as often as they chose, placebo. The control and weight-concern group chose 10 mg d-amphetamine significantly more often than placebo. Neither the choice behavior nor the subjective effects of the drug indicated that amphetamine was a more effective positive reinforcer in the experimental groups, because of either its anorectic properties or its presumed antidepressant properties. The results are discussed in terms of the relative risk for stimulant abuse in populations with these characteristics. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1987) 42, 127–136; doi:10.1038/clpt.1987.122Keywords:
Anorectic
Stimulant
Dextroamphetamine
Depression
Stimulant
Dextroamphetamine
Clinical Practice
Cite
Citations (89)
Anorectic
Anorexia
Drug tolerance
Cross-tolerance
Cite
Citations (8)
Anorectic
Drug tolerance
Cross-tolerance
Dextroamphetamine
Cite
Citations (7)
Dextroamphetamine
Cite
Citations (24)
Stimulant
Dextroamphetamine
Clinical Practice
Cite
Citations (914)
Anorectic
Stimulant
Methamphetamine
Locomotor activity
Cite
Citations (51)
Stimulant
Cued speech
Inhibitory control
Dextroamphetamine
Cite
Citations (69)
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical gains from including both dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate in stimulant trials. Method: Thirty-six medication-naïve children ages 9–14 years diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were enrolled for 6 weeks in a crossover trial, with 2 weeks of methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, and placebo, in a randomly assigned, counterbalanced sequence. Outcome measures constituted a computer-based continuous performance test combined with a motion tracking system (Qb Test) and an ADHD questionnaire rated by parents and teachers. Results: Group analyses found significant treatment effects of similar size for the two stimulants on both outcome measures. Single-subject analyses revealed that each stimulant produced a favourable response in 26 children; however, an individual child frequently responded qualitatively or quantitatively differently to the two stimulants. By including both stimulants in the trial, the number of favorable responders increased from 26 (72%) to 33 (92%). In children with favorable responses of unequal strength to the two stimulants, a shift from inferior drug to best drug was associated with a 64% mean increase in the overall response strength score, as measured by the ADHD questionnaire. Conclusions: The likelihood of a favorable response and optimal response strength is increased by including both stimulants in the stimulant trial. The study was first registered in clinical trials 28 September 2010. Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT01220440.
Dextroamphetamine
Stimulant
Crossover study
Cite
Citations (25)
Anorectic
Anorexia
Dextroamphetamine
Cite
Citations (61)
Stimulant
Dextroamphetamine
Locomotor activity
Cite
Citations (4)