Engineering resonances in infrared metamaterials
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Engineering resonances in metamaterials has been so far the main way of reaching simultaneously negative permittivity and negative permeability leading to negative index materials. In this paper, we present an experimental and numerical analysis of the infrared response of metamaterials made of continuous nanowires and split ring resonators (SRR) deposited on low-doped silicon when the geometry of the SRRs is gradually altered. The impact of the geometric transformation of the SRRs on the spectra of the composite metamaterial is measured in the 20-200 THz frequency range (i.e., in the 1.5-15 microm wavelength range) for the two field polarizations under normal to plane propagation. We show experimentally and numerically that tuning the SRRs towards elementary cut wires translates in a predictable manner the frequency response of the artificial material. We also analyze coupling effects between the SRRs and the continuous nanowires for different spacings between them. The results of our study are expected to provide useful guidelines for the design of negative index metamaterials on silicon.Keywords:
Split-ring resonator
Transformation Optics
A novel quad-band terahertz metamaterial absorber using four different modes of single pattern resonator is demonstrated. Four obvious frequencies with near-perfect absorption are realized. Near-field distributions of the four modes are provided to reveal the physical picture of the multiple-band absorption. Unlike most previous quad-band absorbers that typically require four or more patterns, the designed absorber has only one resonant structure, which is simpler than previous works. The presented quad-band absorber has potential applications in biological sensing, medical imaging, and material detection.
Multi band
Split-ring resonator
Frequency band
Multi-band device
Absorption band
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Terahertz metamaterials have received significant attention for their unprecedented abilities to modulate the terahertz wave effectively. The traditional manufacturing of terahertz metamaterials has been mainly relying on the micro–nanofabrication technique due to the micro-scale characteristic size of the unit cell. However, the fabrication usually involves multi-step and time-consuming processes, as well as expensive equipment. To overcome these shortcomings, here we used projection micro-stereolithography 3D printing followed by the magnetron sputtering to additively manufacture terahertz metamaterials. A vertical split-ring resonator-based metamaterial absorber is taken into account as the prototype to demonstrate the simplicity of the proposed fabrication technique. Both terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurement and simulation indicate that the 3D printed absorber has a near-unity narrow-band absorption peak at 0.8 THz. The absorption mechanism is clearly clarified by the coupled mode and impedance matching theory and electromagnetic field distribution at the resonant frequency. A 3D printed narrow-band absorber also demonstrates great potential for highly efficient biosensing of lactose and galactose. It can be estimated that 3D printing provides an easy-going fabrication approach for THz metamaterials and shed light on its foreseeable application for the versatile design and manufacturing of functional THz devices.
Split-ring resonator
Stereolithography
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Left handed
Negative Refraction
Split-ring resonator
Negative index metamaterials
Photonic metamaterial
Metamaterial antenna
Transformation Optics
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Structurally reconfigurable metamaterials showing terahertz frequency tunability are presented, which employ deformable microelectromechanical curved cantilevers for tuning the resonance frequency of the electric split-ring resonators. The observed tunability can be applied in tunable metamaterial devices.
Split-ring resonator
Optical ring resonators
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As the variation of temperature alters the intrinsic carrier density in a semiconductor, numerical simulations indicate that the consequent variation of the relative permittivity in the terahertz regime provides a way to realize thermally tunable split-ring resonators. Electromagnetic metasurfaces and metamaterials that are thermally tunable in the terahertz regime can thus be implemented.
Split-ring resonator
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We present a new class of artificial materials which exhibit a tailored response to the electrical component of electromagnetic radiation. These electric metamaterials (EM-MMs) are investigated theoretically, computationally, and experimentally using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. These structures display a resonant response including regions of negative permittivity (epsilon < 0) ranging from ~500 GHz to 1 THz. Conventional electric media such as distributed wires are difficult to incorporate into metamaterials. In contrast, these new localized structures will simplify the construction of future metamaterials - including those with negative index of refraction - and will enhance the design and fabrication of functional THz devices.
Negative Refraction
Split-ring resonator
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Metamaterial active in the terahertz (THz) frequency region is very attractive due to its potential for building unique optical components, such as superlenses, using relative simple fabrication technique. The meta-atom, an elementary unit of the metamaterial, is an electromagnetic resonator with non-zero magnetic and/or electric dipole interacting with free space electromagnetic wave. All present THz metamaterial studies are performed in the far-field, thereby overlooking the details of the interaction between the electromagnetic field and the meta-atoms. On the other hand, comprehensive knowledge of this interaction is required for the design of the active metamaterial.
Split-ring resonator
Metamaterial cloaking
Terahertz gap
Metamaterial antenna
Transformation Optics
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We demonstrate external control of metamaterials operating at terahertz frequencies. Through photodoping of semiconducting substrates, used to support metamaterial arrays, we show ultrafast switching times. New metamaterial "grids" are presented, which may be formed by the union of electric metamaterials arrays. Metamaterial grids are then utilized to form a Schottky contact are used to demonstrate voltage switching of the metamaterials resonance. Both devices presented may be utilized to form novel devices at terahertz frequencies and also scaled to other energy regimes of interest.
Transformation Optics
Split-ring resonator
Biasing
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Metamaterials are widely investigated as nominates for absorbers and shields in Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) techniques. Due to the dispersive nature of artificially constructed metamaterials, permittivity and/or permeability can be negative at a certain band of frequency. Since the propagation constant has imaginary values in lossless SNG media, electromagnetic waves decay in these media and reflect at the surface. When the permittivity and permeability values are both negative, propagating waves are supported and impedance matching between a double negative (DNG) medium and air can be achieved. For this reason, single negative (SNG) materials can be used in electromagnetic shielding applications and DNG materials for realization of electromagnetic (EM) absorbers. Theoretical analysis of metamaterial (MTM) based electromagnetic absorbers and shields are investigated using S- parameter calculations, and properties are presented as a function of layer compositions and different dispersion parameters of medium permittivity and permeability values. The characteristics of EM absorber/shields are also observed when metamaterial layers are stacked on a metal plate.
Shields
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Transformation Optics
Split-ring resonator
Metamaterial antenna
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The effective parameters of artificial medium are designed to realize the perfect absorption of terahertz wave (THz), which has become one of the significant issues related to metamaterial. However, the planar structure of metamaterial has many limitations. Here, we establish a three-dimensional structure of split ring resonators (SRRs) to realize the vertically coupling SRRs and study its absorption characteristics. The results show that the absorption characteristics of three-dimensional split ring resonators have achieved 99.9% at 1.79 THz. Furthermore, by changing direction of the splits of two rings, we can get broadband absorption of more than 99% in the frequency range of 0.6 THz, which provides a design scheme for three-dimensional metamaterials and potential devices.
Split-ring resonator
Reflection
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