Determination of serum atenolol using HPLC with fluorescence detection following isolation with activated charcoal
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Atenolol
Activated Charcoal
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Solid phase extraction
Activated charcoal has been previously shown to induce in vitro expression of virulence factors by Listeria monocytogenes. In trying to elucidate the nature of the charcoal action, we found that the treatment of brain heart infusion medium with activated charcoal followed by charcoal removal does not result in an increase of virulence factor expression. At the same time, the addition of fresh charcoal to the charcoal-treated medium induces expression, suggesting that the effect of activated charcoal cannot be explained only by changes in medium composition. In addition, we observed that activated charcoal induced expression of virulence factors even when L. monocytogenes was physically separated from charcoal particles by either a nitrocellulose membrane or a thin layer of agar. We propose that the interaction of charcoal with some listerial product(s) might be responsible for the effect observed.
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Activated charcoal is often used in plant tissue culture to improve cell growth and development by absorbing the beneficial plant growth promoting substances from the media. Thus the main aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of activated charcoal on the recalcitrant varieties of potato. The MS media strength (full and half) did not influence the plant growth and development of potato varieties as both the strengths did equally well in combination with lower concentration of activated charcoal (200mg/l). The use of activated charcoal could be done in a controlled manner (tested concentrations) in order to maintain the endophytes / microplant balance. However, studies in this line need further investigations for lowering the concentrations with a view to avoid the negative effects.
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Activated charcoal consists of fine particles of low mineral content which meet BP specifications for adsorbence. When we discussed it in 1974 1 we concluded that the treatment of acute poisoning by haemoperfusion or an oral adsorbent needed further study, but since charcoal was harmless and cheap it was recommended for all overdoses. Since then, an effervescent activated charcoal (Medicoal - Lundbeck) has been introduced and activated charcoal is now included in an official list of drugs of special value in the treatment of acute poisoning. 2
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B Background : GI decontamination is required frequently in management of intoxicated patients. Activated charcoal is used for this purpose normally. Is it possible that powdered industrial charcoal is used as a substitute? Present study was conducted to determine efficiency of industrial charcoal in prevention of absorption of diazepam, compared to activated charcoal. Method: 30 Sprague–dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups. 20 mg/kg diazepam was given orally to all 3 groups. No GI decontamination was performed for the control group. Activated and industrial charcoal (1 g/kg dissolved in 10 ml of water) was administered for other two groups. The urinary concentration of diazepam was used for evaluation of level of the drug absorption in the animals. Results: The mean urine concentration of diazepam was considerably lower in groups taking charcoal, compared control group. However the concentration in the group taking activated charcoal was lower than the concentration in the group taking industrial charcoal. Conclusion: Results of present study suggest that industrial charcoal can be used as a substitute for activated charcoal, though with a little lower efficacy for absorption of drugs and toxins.
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Abstract Aims : To measure the extent to which the addition of ice‐cream to activated charcoal interferes with its ability to adsorb paracetamol. Method : Activated charcoal, ice‐cream and both charcoal and ice‐cream were added to stock solutions of paracetamol at both simulated gastric and intestinal pH at charcoal : paracetamol ratios of 3:1, 5:1 and 10:1. The samples were centrifuged and the supernatant assayed for paracetamol concentration. Results : When the charcoal : paracetamol ratio was 3:1, charcoal alone adsorbed 65% of the available paracetamol, and charcoal with ice‐cream adsorbed 57%. When the ratio was 5:1, charcoal alone adsorbed 92% of the available paracetamol and charcoal with ice‐cream 90%. When the ratio was 10:1, charcoal alone adsorbed 100% of the available paracetamol and charcoal with ice‐cream 99%. The results were independent of pH. Conclusions : The practice of adding ice‐cream to activated charcoal to improve palatability does not decrease the ability of the charcoal to adsorb paracetamol in vitro , especially if charcoal : drug ratios are above 5:1.
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Poisoned patients were first treated with charcoal more than 150 years ago. Despite its almost universal acceptance today, activated charcoal's role has been overshadowed by the emphasis on treating poisoned patients first with gastric emptying. We review the current use of activated charcoal and recent studies that suggest that activated charcoal may be the single most effective treatment in many types of poisoning. New explanations for the mechanisms of action include "back diffusion" and disruption of enterohepatic loops. Clinical data endorse a new and aggressive role for activated charcoal in the management of poisoned and overdosed patients.
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