The association between anterior crossbite, deep bite and temporomandibular joint morphology validated by magnetic resonance imaging in an adult non-patient group
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Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the condylar morphology and position of Koreans using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Analyzing the mean values of this study with reference to left and right sides, gender, and age will help to understand the size of the condyle and glenoid fossa, condylar morphology, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symmetry for establishing the standard temporomandibular joint structures of Koreans and then design the standard temporomandibular joint prosthesis for Koreans. Results There was no significant result in the condyle size, condyle axis angle, joint space, fossa depth, and mandibular body size between the left and right sides ( p > 0.05). On the other hand, the mediolateral width of the condyle and mandibular body size show significantly different with the gender ( P < 0.05). Also, significant differences were found in condyle size, joint space, fossa depth, and mandibular body size according to age groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Condylar position and morphology vary according to side, age, and gender. The results of this study are expected to help in customizing a treatment for the patients who need TMJ reconstruction by predicting the TMJ morphology according to age and gender and design the standard temporomandibular joint prosthesis for the Koreans.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate morphology of temporomandibular joint using cone beam computer tomography. Study included 45 adults (32 females and 13 males). Articular eminence inclination, glenoid fossa width, glenoid fossa depth, condylar mediolateral distance, condylar anteroposterior distance and condylar type were determined for each temporomandibular joint. Since independent samples t-test did not show significant differences between left and right sides for all of observed parameters (p≥0.05), left and right side values were treated as one sample. The determined glenoid fossa depth was 7.11±2.23, glenoid fossa width 19.22±2.58, condylar anteroposterior distance 7.54±1.59, condylar mediolateral distance 17.95±2.81 and articular eminence inclination was 34.59±7.35 degrees. Most of condyles were classified as convex type (32.5%), followed by flattened (23.8%), rounded (11.3%) and angled (10%). Undefined (other type) were classified 22.5% of condyles. Cone beam computer tomography measurements of temporomandibular joint bone structures in present study showed similarities to most of previous research (with different populations studied). Still, the prevalence of different condylar types differs from those obtained by most of previous studies. Interindividual differences in temporomandibular joint morphology are expected.
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Gas in the joint space was observed in three patients with condylar fracture who were referred for CT examinations of the mandible. CT showed that the condylar fractures were non-open fractures. The gas was only observed in the intrajoint capsule of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Follow-up CT, 4 days after the initial CT, showed that the gas in the joint space was absorbed in one of three cases. In the non-open condylar fractures, the gas collection in the TMJ was considered to be a vacuum phenomenon due to the intact joint capsule of the TMJ on CT.
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Introduction: Conditions of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are affected by changes in movement and load during the joint’s function, which can cause morphological changes in hard tissues, such as the condyle. Panoramic radiographs can provide an indication of changes in hard tissues in TMJ. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether there was any correlation between mandibular condyle shapes as seen on panoramic radiographs and TMJ conditions in adult female participants. Methods: The participants of this study were 75 adult female patients who underwent a panoramic radiograph examination conducted at the Maranatha Dental Hospital Radiology Unit. The patients were clinically examined based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Clinical Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/TMD) questionnaire and also their panoramic radiographs. The data from the patients were categorized into four groups according to the RDC/TMD: normal, muscle disorders, disc displacement, and other joint diseases. Next, the radiographs were analyzed by two observers to determine the condyle shapes. Condyle shapes were classified into four groups: ovoid, flat, erosion, and osteophyte. Result: This study showed that of 75 patients, the right TMJ was normal in 34 patients, 2 patients had muscle disorders, 24 demonstrated disc displacement, and 15 had other joint diseases. For the left side of the TMJ, 22 radiographs were normal, 2 revealed muscle disorders, 35 identified disc displacement, and 16 showed other joint diseases. There was a strong agreement between the two observers in determining the right (κ=0.681) and left condyle shapes (κ=0.652). All participants’ findings indicated that condyle shapes and TMJ conditions are highly correlated for both the right (η2=0.889) and left condyle (η2=0.762). Conclusion: This study concluded that mandibular condyle shapes seen on panoramic radiographs and TMJ conditions in adult female participants were highly correlated.
TMJ disorders
Panoramic radiograph
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A systemic and synthetic review of the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint in magnetic resonance imaging was developed for its evaluation. The temporomandibular joint is an anatomical structure composed of bones, muscles, ligaments and an articular disc that allows important physiological movements, such as mandibular opening, closing, protrusion, retrusion and lateralization. Magnetic resonance imaging is an imaging technique that does not use ionizing radiation and is more specific for the evaluation and interpretation of soft tissues, due to its high resolution, so it has an important role in the diagnosis of various maxillofacial pathologies, which is why the dentist should have knowledge of the structures and functions of the temporomandibular joint through magnetic resonance imaging. The review demonstrates the importance of magnetic resonance imaging in the study of the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint, in addition to mentioning the advantages provided by this imaging technique such as its good detail of the soft tissues in its different sequences and the non-use of ionizing radiation to obtain its images.
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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a unique joint. The dimension joint space is determined by the optimal Condylar position. Conventional radiographs cannot exactly show the relationship hence MRI and CT are being used frequently for imaging of TMJ. CBCT has recent advancement into technology especially in this field as helped to analyse the TMJ in more comphrehensive manner. The aim of this study is to assess the position of condyle in TMJ with patients of TMDs. The importance of relationship between condyle and glenoid fossa remains controversial. The CBCT utilizes less radiation and as higher resolution than normal CT. The position of condyle in the glenoid fossa is measured with high accuracy using CBCT technique for reconstruction and imaging of the TMJ. It provides reliable and accurate images. The study was designed to compare the condylar morphology in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with TMD s.
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