Rapid position estimation using electromagnetic induction data from the MetalMapper in dynamic mode
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Dynamic data from the MetalMapper electromagnetic induction sensor are analyzed using a fast inversion algorithm in order to obtain position information of buried anomalies. After validating the algorithm by comparing static and dynamic inversions from reference measurements at Camp San Luis Obispo, the algorithm is applied to realistic dynamic measurements from Camp Butner. A sequence of 939 data points are inverted as the MetalMapper travels along a calibration lane, flagging a few positions as corresponding to buried anomalies. An a posteriori comparison with field plots reveals a good agreement between the flagged positions and the field peak values, suggesting the efficacy of the algorithm at detecting a large variety of anomalies from dynamic data.Keywords:
Position (finance)
Dynamic data
Mode (computer interface)
In the history of epistemology, discussions of the a priori have been bound up with discussions of necessity and analyticity, often in confusing ways. Disentangling these confusions is an essential step in the study of the a priori. This will be the aim of my introductory remarks. The goal of the remainder of the paper will then be to try to develop a unified account of the a priori, dealing with the notions of intuition and a priori evidence, the question of why intuitions quality as evidence, and the question of how they can be a reliable guide to the truth about a priori matters.
Intuition
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Empirical evidence
Empirical Research
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In this paper we prove a priori and a posteriori error estimates for a multiscale numerical method for computing equilibria of multilattices under an external force. The error estimates are derived in a $W^{1,\infty}$ norm in one space dimension. One of the features of our analysis is that we establish an equivalent way of formulating the coarse-grained problem which greatly simplifies derivation of the error bounds (both, a priori and a posteriori). We illustrate our error estimates with numerical experiments.
Error Analysis
A priori estimate
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Abstract This article addresses the question of whether a priori knowledge exists. Since one cannot determine whether such knowledge exists without knowing what such knowledge is, it begins by providing an analysis of the concept a priori knowledge. It utilizes that analysis to show that the traditional arguments, both for and against, the a priori are not convincing. It concludes by offering an alternative strategy for defending the existence of a priori knowledge. Although the questions about the relationship between the a priori and the nonepistemic concepts of necessity and analyticity are not the primary targets of this article, they are addressed here as they are relevant to analyzing the concept of a priori knowledge or to determining whether such knowledge exists.
Existential quantification
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The use of a priori information to resolve non-uniqueness in geophysical inversion is well known, but the kinds of constraining conditions required for the solution to an inverse problelm to be uniquely assured as well as the problem of extremal inversion with a priori information may still be explored further. An attempt has been made to address some aspects of these problems in inversion and uncertainty analysis within a unifying framework of biased estimation using a simple matrix algebra and taking advantage of the explicit distinction between the a priori information and the starting model in non-linear estimation. The adopted approach is flexible and allows the use of either reliable or diffuse a priori information making it a useful procedure for exploiting the peculiarities of different geophysical situations. It is shown that the more rigorous inversion algorithms can be derived easily from this framework as special cases and a digestible analysis is provided to increase our understanding of the undergirding principles of these classical algorithms.
Inverse theory
Prior information
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Basically,a priori knowledge is independent of experience.The distinguishing features of a priori knowledge are the absence of perceptual experience as a ground or reason to believe and the presence of such non-perceptual reasons to believe as intuition,reasoning,reflection,etc.Based on the discussion of Kant's concept of the a priori knowledge by a number of philosophers nowadays,My aim in this thesis is to respond to Kant's view of a priori knowledge and discuss its characterizations in positive way and negative way.Besides,the property of unrevisability is also involved in it.Arguing a priori justification as the nature of a priori knowledge,this thesis is trying to give the a priori contemporary characters.The conception of a priori justification gives us a better appreciation of the respective merits of the a priori and experience,as well as a better understanding of how experience comports,at least in principle,with the a priori.
Intuition
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I argue that you can have a priori knowledge of propositions that neither are nor appear necessarily true. You can know a priori contingent propositions that you recognize as such. This overturns a standard view in contemporary epistemology and the traditional view of the a priori, which restrict a priori knowledge to necessary truths, or at least to truths that appear necessary
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Abstract Prior to the eighteenth century, the pair of terms ‘a priori’/’a posteriori’ (Latin for ‘from what is earlier’/’for what comes after’) was used to distinguish between modes of reasoning: ‘The mind can discover and understand the truth … by demonstration. When the mind reasons from causes to effects, the demonstration is called a priori; when from effects to causes, the demonstration is called a posteriori’ (Arnauld 1662). Only later were these non identical terminological-twins used to refer to types of knowledge: knowledge independent of experience is ‘a priori’, that which is grounded in experience is ‘a posteriori’ (Kant 1781).
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Intuition
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