Effects of a diet rich in medium-chain fatty acid on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) activities in the heart from preruminant calves
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Abstract The effect of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) leaves on lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was investigated in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. A water extract of AS leaves increased the LPL activity in culture medium of adipocytes in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The AS extract contained heparin‐like LPL releasing components, however, the increase of medium LPL activity was continued up until 12 h, in contrast to the rapid decline after heparin treatment. The increase of LPL mRNA was also observed after AS extract treatment, suggesting that LPL induction occurs at the transcriptional level. The AS extract could partially reverse the LPL suppression by tumour necrosis factor −α in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. These results of an AS extract‐induced increase of LPL activity in vitro suggest the possible action of AS as a facilitator of plasma triglyceride clearance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Valproic acid enhances renal losses of carnitine esters and leads to decreased plasma free carnitine concentrations in many patients receiving valproic acid therapy. However, decreased serum carnitine levels are of unclear pathologic significance, and most children manifest no symptoms of carnitine deficiency. We report a child with valproic acid-associated carnitine deficiency who had severe cardiac dysfunction develop that resolved with carnitine replacement therapy. (J Child Neurol 1992;7:413-416).
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Carnitine deficiency has been demonstrated in diabetic hearts, and it is also well known that L-carnitine administration has a beneficial effect on cardiac function. Carnitine treatment would be expected to reduce the accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitine. However, many reports have shown that myocardial long-chain acylcarnitine levels were increased following treatment with L-carnitine in whole-heart studies. Since acylcarnitine exists in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments, it is difficult to investigate changes in subcellular distribution by studying whole-heart preparations. The present study investigated the myocardial subcellular distribution of carnitine and its acyl derivatives in diabetic rats with or without L-carnitine treatment. Approximately 90% of total cellular carnitine was located in the cytosol in the diabetic hearts. Both mitochondrial and cytosolic levels of free carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitine were significantly decreased in the diabetic heart. However, the mitochondrial level of long-chain acylcarnitine was significantly increased. L-carnitine treatment reduced the mitochondrial level of long-chain acylcarnitine, but the cytosolic level of long-chain acylcarnitine was significantly increased. These results show that L-carnitine treatment prevents the accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitine in the mitochondrial space and then reduces the detergent effect of long-chain acylcarnitine on the mitochondrial membrane. We suggest that it is a possible mechanism of the beneficial effect of L-carnitine treatment on the diabetic heart.
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ABSTRACT. Although total, free and esterified carnitine blood levels were found to be low (p < 0.001) in phenylketonuric patients under dietary treatment compared to controls, no clinical signs of carnitine deficiency were noticed. Exclusion from the PKU diet of nutrients rich in carnitine has been suggested. Supplementation of the diets with carnitine or preferably enrichment of the PKU formulas with carnitine will rectify the restriction of extrinsic carnitine in PKU dietary treatment.
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The article is concerned with the modification of lipase with Tween-80. We can use formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde to connect Tween-80 and lipase covalently. Comparing the difference between modified lipase and nature lipase, we can get some conclusion. The results are follows: with the same concentration of formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, the activity of lipase modified by formaldehyde is higher than lipase which was modified by glutaraldehyde; while the lipase modified by glutaraldehyde has higher connecting efficiency than lipase modified by formaldehyde. With the different concentration of formaldehyde, the modified lipase has the highest activity when the concentration of formaldehyde is 1. 25 mg · mL-1. When the pH of phosphate is higher than 7, the modified lipase has higher activity; when the pH of phosphate is lower than 7, the nature lipase has higher activity.
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