Acetylene-sensitized radiation crosslinking of polytetrafluoroethylene
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Keywords:
Acetylene
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Radiation Resistance
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Radiation Resistance
Elongation
Inert gas
Inert
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Polytetrafluoroethylene
Radiation Resistance
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An infrared study of adsorbed acetylenes has revealed several features of the nature and orientation of the adsorbed species. Acetylene, deuteroacetylene, methyl acetylene, and dimethyl acetylene are strongly chemisorbed at room temperature on alumina. Weak chemisorption also occurs with acetylene, deuteroacetylene, and methyl acetylene. The strongly held acetylene is held normal to the surface, while the weakly held acetylene is held parallel to the surface. Similar effects occur with methyl acetylene, all of the strongly held molecules being attached to the surface by the acetylenic end. Both the strongly and weakly adsorbed dimethyl acetylene is adsorbed parallel to the surface. The sites responsible for the strong chemisorption of dimethyl acetylene are different from those active in the strong chemisorption of acetylene. With silica, no strong chemisorption occurred at room temperature for either acetylene or dimethyl acetylene. For both adsorbents, the interaction between the OD (and OH) groups of the surface and the adsorbates has been studied. Exchange takes place between the highest frequency OH groups on alumina and the strongly adsorbed C2D2. An OD group at the expected frequency was observed after the exchange had taken place. The remaining two types of OH groups on alumina did not appear to interact with the strongly held species, but only with the weakly held species. With dimethyl acetylene, the silica OD groups interacted to much the same degree as did the two lower frequency alumina OD groups.
Acetylene
Chemisorption
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Radiation Resistance
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To understand the radiation mechanism of an electrically small spherical helix antenna, we develop a theory on the radiation characteristics of the antenna. An analytical model of the antenna presuming a current on the wire to be sinusoidally distributed is proposed and analyzed with the spherical wave expansion. The radiation efficiency, radiation resistance, and radiation patterns are obtained in closed-form expression. The radiation efficiency evidently varies with the surface area of the wire and the radiation resistance depends on the square of the length of the wire. The obtained result for the radiation pattern illustrates the tilt of the pattern caused by the modes asymmetric to the z-axis. The radiation efficiency formula indicates a good agreement between the simulation and measurement result. In addition, the radiation resistance of the theoretical and simulation results exhibits good agreement. Considering the effect of the feeding structure of the fabricated antenna, the radiation resistance of the analytical model can be treated as a reasonable result. The result of radiation pattern also shows good agreement between the simulation and measurement results excluding a small contribution from the feeding cable acting as a scatterer.
Radiation Resistance
Radiation properties
Helical antenna
Radiation effect
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The effect of gamma ray radiation on the performance of a compact Er-doped super-fluorescent fiber source was investigated experimentally. It was found that the output power and spectrum of the source vary significantly with radiation dosage and probably the induced background loss for the pump would play a significant role in the observed variations. A double-pass backward source configuration with an output edge filter was implemented experimentally, and with proper feedback control pump driving circuitry, such a configuration demonstrated good resistance to gamma ray radiation.
Radiation Resistance
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We study the effect of intense laser radiation on the surface of silicate glass prior irradiated by gamma radiation. Experimental results show that the gamma radiation with dose 5 × 104 R leads to the degradation of the surface resistance of this optical dielectric to electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the dose of the radiation the laser radiation can result in either surface erosion or its pronounced cracking. It is also found that the efficiency of the degradation process is determined not only by the radiation dose, but also by the presence of different impurities in the glass.
Radiation Resistance
Radiation effect
Silicate glass
Optical radiation
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Polytetrafluoroethylene
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Radiation Resistance
Crystal (programming language)
γ radiation
Caesium
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Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a high-performance engineering plastic and known as a typical material of radiation degradation. PTFE can be degraded by radiation under various conditions and PTFE mi-cro-powder is usually fabricated by a combination of radiation and milling. PTFE can also be crosslinked by irradiation in the melt state (330~340 ℃). The materials can be applied as a special additive due to its excellent wear resistance. Crosslinked PTFE may also be applied in lithography and fuel cell membrane in the future. In this paper, history and application of PTFE degradation and crosslinking products are reviewed.
Polytetrafluoroethylene
Degradation
Radiation Resistance
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