I. On the structure of hyaline cartilage
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The author having previously shown (“Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science,” vol. xvi—New Series), that a laminated appearance is produced in hyaline cartilage by imbibition of nitrate of silver, now shows that the same lamellated structure may be observed in sections of fresh cartilage stained by Bismarck brown, and that the lamellæ, as brought under observation by both methods, have approximately the same thickness and general arrangement.Keywords:
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline
Imbibition
In most mammalian species the cardiac skeleton is composed of coarse collagen fibres, fibrocartilage, and pieces of hyaline cartilage. Bone, the os cordis, is a regular constituent of the ruminant heart. The cardiac skeleton of the otter ( Lutra lutra ) has not previously been described. The skeleton in 30 otter hearts was studied by x‐ray analysis and light microscopy. Serial sections were cut parallel to the atrioventricular plane and histochemical staining methods were performed to identify connective tissue fibres, glycosaminoglycans, mineral deposits, and bone. Age and sex of the animals under investigation were considered. The otter heart skeleton was composed of coarse collagen fibres with intercalated pieces of fibrous and/or hyaline cartilage, calcified cartilage, and lamellar bone with red or white marrow. Pieces of hyaline cartilage were not clearly defined: a perichondrial layer was missing and coarse connective tissue continuously transformed into fibrous and hyaline cartilage. In both sexes the amount of cartilage and bone were found to increase with age. Our results establish the presence of bony material in the heart skeleton of the otter, a small mammalian species. This finding indicates that differentiation of bone is not exclusively related to the size of the organ. Increasing amounts of calcified cartilage and bone correlated with increasing age.
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Skeleton (computer programming)
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Fibrocartilage
Hyaline cartilage
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The development of hyaline-cell cartilage attached to membrane (dentary, maxilla, nasal, lacrimal and cleithrum) and cartilage (basioccipital) bones has been studied in the viviparous black molly, Poecilia sphenops. Intramembranous ossification commences before the first appearance of hyaline cells. As hyaline-cell cartilage is densely cellular and as that attached to the dentary, maxilla and cleithrum develops from the periosteum of these membrane bones, it must be regarded as secondary cartilage according to current concepts. It is also argued that the hyaline-cell cartilage attached to the perichondral bone of the basioccipital (a cartilage bone), could also be viewed as secondary. The status of the cartilage on the nasal and lacrimal bones is less clear, for it develops, at least in part, from mucochondroid (mucous connective) tissue. This is the first definitive report of secondary cartilage in any lower vertebrate. The tissue is therefore not restricted to birds and mammals as hitherto believed, and a multipotential periosteum must have arisen early in vertebrate evolution.
Hyaline cartilage
Intramembranous ossification
Periosteum
Perichondrium
Endochondral ossification
Hyaline
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The pubic joint of male and female rats was studied at the light- and electron microscopical levels using methods that selectively disclose the extracellular matrix fibres and glycosaminoglycans. The interpubic tissue showed no difference between sexes (including pregnant and intrapartum females). The medial ends of the pubic bones were covered by articular caps of hyaline cartilage that blended in the midline. The whole articular cartilage was covered dorsally and ventrally (as well as craneally and caudally) by a typical perichondrium. The differential distribution of the fibres of the collagenous and elastic systems in the pubic joint agreed with the results reported in the literature for other rat cartilages. Collagen fibres, composed mainly of type-I collagen, were localised to the fibrous perichondrium and bone. Type-II collagen was localised to the central nucleus of hyaline cartilage, whereas reticulin fibres (rich in type-III collagen) were found in the adventitial loose connective tissue adherent to the most superficial layer of the perichondrium. The central nucleus of hyaline cartilage possessed the two types of elastic-related fibres: elaunin fibres were localised mainly to the chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium, whereas oxytalan fibres were found in the matrix that surrounded the chondrocytes. The bulk of the glycosaminoglycans present in the pubic joint cartilage corresponded to hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate. The propriety of classification of the rat pubic joint as a true synchondrosis (instead of symphysis), and the fact that the unaltered pelvis of the rat seems to be adequate for normal parturition, are discussed.
Perichondrium
Synchondrosis
Hyaline cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Collagen fibres
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Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Iliac bone
Perichondrium
Facet (psychology)
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Histogenesis
Mesenchyme
Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline
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Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline
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The vertebral end-plates and the epiphyses from the lumbar region of the spine in juvenile pigs were studied. Cell density of the hyaline cartilage of the vertebral bodies was measured as well as cartilage thickness. The relative bone content in the region of the nucleus pulposus was calculated. A certain negative interrelationship between cartilage thickness and cell density of the hyaline cartilage of the vertebral bodies was found. The relative bone content of the cranial epiphysis was higher than that of the caudal epiphysis in the same motion segment at all levels of the lumbar spine. The difference was pronounced down to 2 mm from the cartilage/bone interface.
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Epiphysis
Hyaline
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Hyaline cartilage
Hyaline
Matrix (chemical analysis)
Perichondrium
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The lower jaw of Lepisosteus osseus has been described as containing a U-shaped cartilaginous structure identified as a detached portion of Meckel's cartilage. We investigated this structure through study of a growth series of L. osseus, including cleared-and-stained specimens and histological preparations. Meckel's cartilage is well developed by 17.2 mm SL, and is formed by typical hyaline cartilage. The left and right Meckel's cartilage are continuous across the anterior midline in most small specimens (<35 mm SL), although the robustness of this continuity is variable and in some specimens the two sides are separate. In larger individuals (>85 mm SL) the left and right sides are separate from one another and end far posterior to the tip of the dentaries. In specimens between 17.6–22.1 mm SL, there is a diffuse, V-shaped patch of connective tissue between the rami of the lower jaws. By 35 mm SL this patch becomes more consolidated and in histological sections of a 44.6 mm SL specimen, it is revealed to contain chondrocytes. In even larger individuals, this becomes a well-defined U-shaped structure. Because both this structure and a Meckel's cartilage that crosses the anterior midline are present in the same individuals, we conclude that this cartilage is not homologous to the anterior portion of Meckel's cartilage (i.e., it fails the test of conjunction) but is rather a neomorphic structure, herein termed the rostrohyal.
Hyaline cartilage
Clearance
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