Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Palinurus elephas
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Abstract:
The European spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas) mean annual catches have decreased alarmingly during recent decades along its entire distribution area due to stock over-exploitation, which makes it a primary target for conservation plans. A total of 164 microsatellite loci were isolated from a genomic library of P. elephas enriched for CA, GA, CAA and GATA repeats. A total of 15 polymorphic loci have been screened in 48 individuals. High numbers of alleles per locus (averaging 20 ± 10.5) and observed heterozygosity (averaging 0.789 ± 0.197) have been detected. None of the pairs of loci showed significant linkage disequilibrium. Two of the loci (Pael1 and Pael2) showed significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Sagres, while Pael38 showed significant departure in Tunis. These highly polymorphic markers will be useful in determining the spatial patterns of genetic diversity between and within populations of Palinurus elephas.Keywords:
Linkage Disequilibrium
Linkage Disequilibrium
genomic DNA
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Microsatellite Instability
Myeloid leukaemia
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Objective To study the loss of heterozygosity(LOH) and the microsatellite instability (MSI) involved in the development of human testicular tumor. Methods 22 primary testicular tumor DNA samples were examined for loss of heterozygosity(LOH) on chromosomes 3, 5, 9, 17, 18 and X and alteration of microsatellite repeats marker by means of polymerase chain reaction, 8 microsatellite repeats markers being used for the analysis of MSI. Results LOH on chromosome 9q33 34, 5q and 18q21 were observed in 45%, 43% and 25%, respectively. Difference between unrelated microsatellites for tumor and control DNA was detected in 8 of 22(36%) . LOH and/or MSI were observed in 17 of 22(77%) cases. Two cases showed alterations on 5 microsatellite loci, three cases showed alterations on 2 microsatellite loci and three cases on 1 microsatellite locus. 5 of 22(23%) patients showed replication error(RER). Conclusions Tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 9q and 5q, and microsatellite instability might play an important role in the development of human testicular tumor.
Microsatellite Instability
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Linkage Disequilibrium
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Pyrosequencing
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Eleven microsatellite loci were evaluated for genetic profiles of Thai domestic elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) and their suitability as genetic markers for molecular testing. A total of 66 animals were tested. 10 out of 11 loci could be amplified and they demonstrated polymorphism with allelic numbers per locus ranging from 7 (LaT06) to 39 (LaT18). Values of expected heterozygosity (He) and Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) were between 0.6449 (LaT17) – 0.9593 (LaT05) and 0.5934 (LaT17) – 0.9578 (LaT05), respectively. Analysis of the ten microsatellite markers revealed Combined Exclusion Probability (CEP) of 99.99998783% or 1.2167 x 10-7 and 99.91% confident for individual verification, suggesting that using all these loci together as a set of genetic markers is an extremely powerful tool for the unique identification. In addition, this set of microsatellite markers provides a qualified system for fingerprinting purposes and parentage testing in Thai domestic elephants.
Null allele
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Linkage Disequilibrium
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The relationship between marker heterozygosity and the power to detect linkage disequilibrium is examined through the analysis of an example and through a simulation study. The analysis suggests that, despite the penalties for multiple testing incurred with multiple alleles, greater heterozygosity results in greater power. The results of the simulation study are in accord with those of the analysis.
Linkage Disequilibrium
Disequilibrium
Linkage (software)
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