Pea Germplasm with Partial Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Extends the Time Required by the Pathogen to Infect Host Tissue
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ABSTRACT White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, can be a serious disease in pea ( Pisum sativum L.). Currently there are no pea genotypes with complete resistance to this pathogen. The objective of this research was to identify pea germplasm with partial resistance to S. sclerotiorum , focusing on initial infection and severity as influenced by environment. Selected pea genotypes from the USDA‐ARS Pisum core collection and two cultivars were assessed for the time required by S. sclerotiorum to severely infect these genotypes at all combinations of five temperatures (15.6, 18.3, 21.1, 23.9, and 29.4°C) and four periods of high relative humidity (PHRH) (12, 24, 48, and 72 h) under controlled environmental conditions. Severe infection is defined as the death of all plant tissue above a stem inoculation point, preventing reproduction. The commercial genotypes ‘Bolero’ and ‘1204‐3’ did not prevent severe infection at any temperature × PHRH combination. However, pea genotypes PI 164972, PI 169603, PI 197044, PI 240515, PI 270536, and PI 280611 prevented severe infection at 15.6, 18.3, 29.4, and either 21.1 or 23.9°C following a 12 h PHRH in repeated trials. Plant Introduction 164972, PI 169603, and PI 280611 also prevented severe infection following a 24 h PHRH but only at 29.4°C. Severe infection occurred for all genotypes after a 48 or 72 h PHRH at all temperatures tested. Plant Introduction 169603 and PI 240515 are recommended to pea breeders as the best germplasm to extend the time required for serious infection by S. sclerotiorum .Keywords:
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum
Germ plasm
Sclerotinia
Field pea
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This research was carried out in the multiple-environment trials (MET) which one is in Bayburt (40°24'05.7"N40°08'31.3"E)where the Black Sea geographical region located in the north of Turkey and in the Kahramanmaras (37°35'24.8"N36°48'49.4"E)where the Mediterranean geographical region located in the south of Turkey in 2016 and 2017 years.In this investigation, 6 registered pea cultivars (Bolero, Jof, Karina, Nihal, Reyna and Utrillo) and 2 wild pea genotypes (Pisum sativum L. subsp.elatius and P. sativum L. subsp.sativum) were used.The variance analysis showed a significant difference among Location (L), genotypes (G), genotypes×locations interaction (GL), genotypes×year interaction (GY), year×location interaction (YL) (all significant at P<0.01 level) and genotype×location×year interaction (GLY) (significant at P<0.05 level) interaction in terms of seed yield.Main effect genotypes (G) is explained 24.42% of total variation.This is followed by 18.78% (L), 17.87% (YL) 7.04% (GL), 4.91% (GY), 2.71% (GLY) and 1.12% (Y), respectively.Graphs were drawn according to the results of GGE biplot analysis and yield data of genotypes were evaluated according to these graphs.In accordance with GGE biplot analysis the seed yield first principal component explained 82.81% of the total variation and second principal component explained 17.19% of the total variation.
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