Towards understanding the Dumfries Basin aquifer, SW Scotland
Maxine AkhurstD. F. BallL. BradyD. K. BuckleyJohn C. BurnsW.G. DarlingAlan MacDonaldAndrew McMillanB.É. Ó DochartaighDenis PeachNick RobinsGary Wealthall
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Abstract The Dumfries Basin aquifer supports groundwater abstraction for public supply, agriculture and industry. Abstraction is concentrated in the western part of the basin, where falling groundwater levels and deteriorating water quality both reflect the effects of intense pumping. There are two bedrock units: a predominantly breccia-coarse sandstone sequence in the west, interfingering with a predominantly sandstone sequence in the NE and east. The basin is bounded by weakly permeable Lower Palaeozoic rocks, and is largely concealed by variable superficial deposits. Surface water flows onto the basin from the surrounding catchment via the Nith and the Lochar Water and their respective tributaries. Direct rainfall recharge occurs via superficial sands and gravels, especially in the north, and discharge is predominantly to the rivers in the central area rather than the sea. A picture is developing of two main aquifer types within the basin: the high-transmissivity western sector underlain by a fracture-flow system with younger water and active recharge and a high nitrate content, compared with the east where groundwater residence times are longer and the storage capacity is higher.Taking Chang 7 of the Triassic Yanchang age as the turning point, the depocenter of Yanchang Lake in Ordos Basin migrated southwestwardly from Wuqi-Fuxian area in Early Triassic to Huachi-Huangling area in Middle-Late Triassic. Affected by the migration, the southwest depositional system and the northeast depositional system developed unsymmetrically. The southwest system was more basinward-extending in Early Taiassic than in Late Triassic, however the northeast system has the opposition condition. The intensive orogenic movement of late Indo-Chinese epoch in western Qinling caused the SW to NE compressive force to Ordos Basin and the vertical uplift of Yinshan region caused the tilt of the northeast part of the Basin. The compressive force and the tilt may be the origin of the depocenter migration and the unsymmetrical development of the south and north depositional systems during Middle-Late Triassic in Ordos Basin.
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Drinking water sources in the southeastern part of Lake Titicaca (Lower Katari Basin: LKB) and the southern part of Lake Poopó (Southern Poopó Basin: SPB) have high concentrations of arsenic (As), >10 μg/L compared to the WHO and NB-512 guideline value. These regions belong to the Bolivian Altiplano and are characterized by a semiarid climate, slow hydrological flow, with geological formations of volcanic origin, in addition to brines and other mineral deposits. The present study is focused on comparing the geochemical processes of As in relation to the sources and mobilization in groundwater (GW) in LKB and SPB. Groundwater (GW), surface water (SW) and sediment samples were collected from both basins. The As (LKB: 0.8–288 μg/L and SPB: 2.6–207 μg/L), boron (B) (LKB: 96–2473 μg/L and SPB: 507–4359 μg/L), manganese (Mn) (LKB: 0.6–7259 μg/L) and salinity (LKB: 125–11740 μS/cm) were found to be higher than the WHO guideline values, which is a serious concern about the GW quality for human consumption. The dissolution and exchange of bases are the processes that govern the mineralization of GW. Load of solids and liquids of anthropogenic origin in surface water (LKB) represents an environmental problem for communities on river banks. The spatial distribution of As was attributed to the geology of both the basins and the heterogeneously distributed evaporites in the sediments. The highest As concentrations are found in alluvial sediments of the northern region of LKB and "PACK belt" (an approximately 25 km long belt stretching along the southern shores of the Lake Poopó, between the villages of Pampa Aullagas and Condo K) in SPB. Sequential extraction of sediment and mineral saturation indices indicate that iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) oxides as well as hydroxides are the most predominant mineral phases as potential sorbents of As.
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Research Article| December 01, 1987 Upper Proterozoic evaporites in the Amadeus basin, central Australia, and their role in basin tectonics JOHN F. LINDSAY JOHN F. LINDSAY 1Division of Continental Geology, Bureau of Mineral Resources, P.O. Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information JOHN F. LINDSAY 1Division of Continental Geology, Bureau of Mineral Resources, P.O. Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2674 Print ISSN: 0016-7606 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (1987) 99 (6): 852–865. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<852:UPEITA>2.0.CO;2 Article history First Online: 01 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation JOHN F. LINDSAY; Upper Proterozoic evaporites in the Amadeus basin, central Australia, and their role in basin tectonics. GSA Bulletin 1987;; 99 (6): 852–865. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)99<852:UPEITA>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract The Amadeus basin, an isolated intracratonic basin in the center of the Australian continent, contains an upper Proterozoic to mid-Paleozoic stratigraphic succession of shallow-marine sediments that, in places, exceeds; 14 km in thickness. The Gillen Member of the Bitter Springs Formation, which occur toward the base of the upper Proterozoic succession, includes evaporites which are among the world's earliest (∼0.8 to 0.7 Ga). Because of their age, the evaporites have been cited in discussions of sea-water chemistry and have been the focus of scrutiny for early life forms. In spite of their importance, the evaporites are poorly known, particularly from the viewpoint of their depositional and tectonic setting. In an attempt to rectify this deficiency, more than 6,000 km of seismic data were analyzed, in conjunction with a field and well-log study of the unit.The Late Proterozoic Amadeus basin appears to have consisted of two major poorly circulated anoxic sub-basins, which perhaps opened to the ocean to the southeast through the Adelaide geosyncline. Data relating to facies are limited but suggest that deposition of the evaporites was cyclic and followed the patterns identified in other major evaporite basins, the carbonates and sulfates being closer to the basin margins and later stage halite and possibly potassium salts being toward the basin center. The evaporites were deposited in a shallow-marine setting at the time of a relative sea-level high stand. The apparent sea-level high, may relate to basin dynamics, whereas the cyclicity of the evaporites may be due to eustatic sea-level controls acting on the barrier to allow intermittent inflow of sea water.Salt tectonism began shortly after the evaporites were deposited and continued throughout basin development. Consequently, most of the major anticlinal structures have salt cores. The geometry of the salt structures suggests that during their growth, the mean strain rate was 10−16 s−1, a rate typical of large salt structures. Growth on these salt structures has played an important role in controlling later sedimentation, particularly during the Cambrian. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Research Article| March 01, 2013 Late Cenozoic evolution of the Lunggar extensional basin, Tibet: Implications for basin growth and exhumation in hinterland plateaus William H. Woodruff, Jr.; William H. Woodruff, Jr. 1Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Brian K. Horton; Brian K. Horton † 1Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA2Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA †E-mail: horton@jsg.utexas.edu Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Paul Kapp; Paul Kapp 3Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Daniel F. Stockli Daniel F. Stockli 1Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA4Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (2013) 125 (3-4): 343–358. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30664.1 Article history received: 21 Dec 2011 rev-recd: 15 Apr 2012 accepted: 24 Apr 2012 first online: 08 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation William H. Woodruff, Brian K. Horton, Paul Kapp, Daniel F. Stockli; Late Cenozoic evolution of the Lunggar extensional basin, Tibet: Implications for basin growth and exhumation in hinterland plateaus. GSA Bulletin 2013;; 125 (3-4): 343–358. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/B30664.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract North-trending rifts and associated strike-slip faults in the Tibetan Plateau suggest Cenozoic east-west extension, but the dominant modes of distributed extensional deformation and basin formation are unclear. The Lunggar basin in west-central Tibet is bounded by a <40° low-angle detachment fault, contains active high-angle normal faults, and displays elevated topography toward the central segment of the basin with axial fluvial drainage toward the northern and southern basin terminations. Structural and stratigraphic features are consistent with a high-angle extensional system that evolved into a low-angle fault and supradetachment basin during progressive extension.This study seeks to constrain the depositional and exhumational history of the Lunggar basin and bounding fault system by assessing the sedimentologic, structural, and thermochronologic record of basin fill. Upper Cenozoic facies include alluvial-fan conglomerates and fluviolacustrine sandstones and siltstones. Sandstone petrographic data, conglomerate clast compositions, and detrital zircon U-Pb ages indicate systematic unroofing of the western footwall (including Jurassic–Cretaceous and Miocene granites that intruded Permian–Cretaceous strata). Paleocurrents are orthogonal or opposite to the current dispersal pattern, suggesting that growth of a modern intrabasin high in the central segment of the basin has modified the original basin configuration. As a proxy for footwall cooling histories, four basin-fill sandstones and 11 leucogranite boulders from proximal hanging-wall strata were sampled for low-temperature thermochronometry. Apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He results suggest that extension was underway by 10–8 Ma, with late Miocene–Pliocene exhumation rates of roughly 1 km/Myr. This rapid exhumation generated a conglomeratic unroofing sequence and promoted hanging-wall rebound and erosional recycling of range-front basin fill along the central segment of the detachment fault. The collective results support a model of rift evolution that invokes upper-crustal thinning, supradetachment basin subsidence, and subsequent isostatic rebound along the more-evolved central segments of Tibetan extensional systems. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
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Tectonic forcing of stratigraphic architecture is likely in foreland basins. Tectonic driving forces are increasingly being invoked to explain stratigraphic patterns in the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway Basin of North America, yet the evidence is largely circumstantial, and the details of driving forces remain elusive. In this paper I show direct stratigraphic evidence for syndepositional growth of a structural arch with at least 50 m of relief during accumulation of the upper Turonian Ferron Sandstone in south-central Utah, United States. Progressive growth of the arch was superimposed on several high-frequency stratal cycles that were driven by a more regionally extensive process (geodynamic or eustatic) and that produced laterally amalgamated sandstone bodies in a depositional strike-parallel orientation (north-south). All of this stratigraphy was then truncated by a more or less planar erosion surface (sequence boundary) that can be traced physically over at least 67 km north-south. This surface was later tilted northward, such that the upper member of the Ferron Sandstone thins progressively southward from 50 to 10 m over 67 km. The facies juxtapositions revealed by the Ferron Sandstone could, if seen in exposure of limited lateral extent, be wrongly interpreted as recording regionally extensive relative sea-level drops and potentially used in error as evidence for substantial eustatic sea-level falls during the Turonian. The folding and tilting documented in this study can be clearly attributed to geodynamic and/or tectonic driving forces, likely related to migration of a forebulge.
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Among the Sub-Andean basins of northern South America is located the Barinas-Apure basin, in southwestern Venezuela. Through the analysis of high-resolution seismic-profiles and surface geology, three different tectonic events have affected the sediments of this basin: (a) a late Cretaceous-Paleocene event, related with the Larmidian orogenesis, (b) a late Middle Eocene event, related to north-Venezuelan flexure, and (c) a Miocene to Pleistocene event, under the influence of the Andean (Merida) orogenesis. Is the last one, the responsible of the present-day structural configuration on the basin, i.e., an assymetric syncline. Several complex structures and fault-systems are recognized in this basin, they are grouped in pre-Oligocene and Miocene-Pleistocene in origin. Among these, only the pre-Oligocene structures have accumulated important oil reservoirs.
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Early Pleistocene
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Alluvial fan
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