Association of Muscle Strength with Functional Status of Elderly People
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Abstract:
We have studied the association of muscle strength (quadriceps, biceps, handgrip), measured by a portable chair technique, with functional status (Barthel Index, manual dexterity, Mental Test Score, history of falls, fracture, prescribed drugs), in a sample of 92 elderly subjects attending a Local Authority Day Centre and Day Hospital. Anthropometric measurements and hand-grip strength were also measured in 30 young controls. Muscle area, mass and strength were significantly greater in young controls. Elderly men had significantly greater muscle area, mass and strength than elderly women. Muscle strength correlated with several measures of functional status. Using stepwise multiple regression, an independent association of muscle strength with manual dexterity, Barthel Index and receipt of domiciliary services is demonstrated.Keywords:
Barthel index
Hand strength
Functional training
In the previous studies, when Bed rest (BR) was prolonged over 2 weeks, muscle mass and strength began progressively to become reduced. There are many publications investigating the changes in skeletal muscles during inactivity. However it is still unclear whether the changing degrees of muscle mass and strength not only in antigravity muscles but also in non-antigravity muscles differ between males and females. So, the purpose of this study is to investigate gender difference in the effect of 20 days of BR (BR 20) on regional muscle mass and strength of the arm and leg.
Rest (music)
Leg muscle
Lower body
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Muscle protein
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is a process of slowly losing the tissue's ability to maintain normal function and causing changes in muscle structure and function. A decrease in strength and muscle mass is a problem that often found in the elderly. Exercise is one of the factors that affect strength and muscle mass. The objective of the research is to compare the strength and muscle mass in elderly women who act and not actively exercise. This study is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design analyzed by an independent T-test. The research subjects were taken by purposive sampling, 20 elderly women aged over 60 years who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed for sports activity, muscle strength, and muscle mass so that it is obtained a sample of 13 elderly who are actively exercising and 7 elderly who are not actively exercising. Handheld muscle strength research data was measured using a handgrip dynamometer, muscle mass was measured using the Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) method, and exercise habits were taken from the modification of the Baecke Physical Activity questionnaire. The results show that the elderly who were active in exercising with a mean score of muscle strength (10.59 ± 3.62) and muscle mass (34.22 ± 4.62) were higher than those who did not exercise (6.51 ± 3.42) and (29.81 ± 3.39) with p-values of 0.020 and 0.0125. There is a difference between strength and muscle mass in elderly women who are active and not actively exercising.
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Originally, the term sarcopenia (derived from the Greek sarx and penia meaning 'lack of flesh') was proposed to describe the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass thought to contribute substantially to functional decline. However, research over the past 25 years has demonstrated that muscle mass is a relatively poor predictor of functional decline compared with muscle strength, and that muscle mass decline during aging may explain less than 10% of strength loss. Disparities in the pathophysiology of muscle mass and strength decline have led some to propose a separate term for muscle strength declines ('dynapenia'), but in general, sarcopenia is now considered as age-related loss of muscle function in addition to muscle mass. The most widely accepted recent definition was developed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) which describes sarcopenia as low muscle mass combined with low handgrip strength and/or gait speed.
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Background. A decline in muscle mass and muscle strength characterizes normal aging. As clinical and animal studies show a relationship between higher cytokine levels and low muscle mass, the aim of this study was to investigate whether markers of inflammation are associated with muscle mass and strength in well-functioning elderly persons.
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본 연구의 목적은 저근력 노인의 복합 운동 프로그램 처치가 하지 근기능에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 노인의 낙상 위험을 예방 하는 데 있다. 연구대상은 65세 이상 노인 20명을 대상으로 저근력 진단을 위해 근육량(muscle mass)과 악력(handgrip strength)으로 평가하는 근력(muscle strength)과 함께 신체활동 능력(physical performance)으로 구분하였다. 연구방법은 탄성밴드 저항성 운동 및 유산소 댄스 운동의 복합 운동프로그램을 주 3회, 1일 60분씩 중강도 수준으로 6개월 동안 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과 복합 운동프로그램 수행 후 신체구성지표에서는 유의한 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 악력은 저근력 노인 그룹에서 복합 운동프로그램 수행 후 좌 · 우 모두 유의하게(p.05) 증가하였다. 저근력 노인의 하지근 기능은 신체효율지수(PEI)와 의자에 앉았다 일어나기에서 유의하게(p.05) 향상되었다. 그러므로 저근력 노인의 6개월간의 복합 운동프로그램은 낙상 위험인자를 개선하여 하지 근기능 증진에도 효과가 있었다.
Strength Training
Leg muscle
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Part I. Training Essentials Part II. Training for Muscle Mass Part III. Training for Maximal Strength Part IV. Training for Maximal Fat Loss Part V. Training Exercises Part VI. Nutrition for Maximizing Muscle Mass, Strength, and Fat Loss.
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