Study of the Suitable Pressure Vessel for the Rice-Powder Manufacturing Using the Underwater Shock Wave
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Self-sufficiency in food is very low (about 40%) in Japan. Therefore, the rice powder is paid to attention, because it can be processed to the udon (noodle) and bread etc. We have already developed the rice-powder disintegrator using the underwater shock wave by the electrode. But it has not been cleared what is the most suitable pressure vessel. The purpose of this study is to investigate the most suitable configuration of the pressure vessels for manufacturing the rice-powder using the underwater shock wave.Experimental conditions to manufacture the rice-powder (particle size is 100μm) is clarified using this device.Moreover, the manufacturing efficiency of the rice-powder, the relation between the number of the shock wave generation and the grain degree of rice-powder is clarified.Keywords:
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Using a modified aerosol generator, white mice and calves were exposed to aerosols of viable Staphylococcus aureus and Pasteurella haemolytica and the clearance of the inhaled organisms by the lungs of the experimental animals was measured. Fifty-seven percent of inhaled S. aureus were cleared in two hours by the mouse lungs, 79% were cleared in four hours and 93% were cleared in eight hours. Fifty-six percent of inhaled P. haemolytica were cleared in two hours by the mouse lungs, 76% were cleared in four hours and 93% were cleared in eight hours. Seventy percent of inhaled S. aureus were cleared in two hours by the calf lungs, 90% were cleared in four hours and 95% were cleared in eight hours. Seventy-five percent of inhaled P.haemolytica were cleared in two hours by the calf lungs, 90% were cleared in four hours and 92% were cleared in eight hours.
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It is a well known but puzzling result that zones within star formation regions sometimes show molecular hydrogen emission at very high (∼100 km s−1) velocities. These kinds of observations are somewhat difficult to explain because non-magnetized, J-type shock waves of velocities above ∼20 km s−1 mostly dissociate the molecules present in the preshock medium, and therefore produce almost no H2 emission. We quantify this result by presenting models of steady shock waves moving into a molecular environment, which show that the H2 molecules are indeed dissociated in the immediate postshock region for higher shock velocities. We argue that the total destruction of molecules by high-velocity shocks is a direct result of the assumption of an instantaneous ‘turning on’ of the flow that is generally done in computing shock models. We present models in which a shock wave gradually accelerates over a period of ∼1000 yr as would be expected, for example, from the ‘turning on’ of an outflow from a young star. We find that such shock waves are indeed able to accelerate significant masses of molecular material to velocities of ∼100 km s−1, and are a plausible explanation for widely observed high-velocity H2 emission.
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Shock wave simulations have been carried out to 800 planes for BCC iron using a Morse potential. Analysis showed that the Hugoniot conservation relations are obeyed even for non-constant shock profiles if appropriate averages over the complete shock region are used. Various definitions of temperature for the shocked region were examined. The anomalies reported by Tsai and MacDonald (1973) were not observed.
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Very little attention has been devoted to studying factors associated with how quickly murders are cleared. This dearth of knowledge is mainly due to a lack of available data, especially at the national level. Currently the Uniform Crime Reporting Program is undergoing a large-scale conversion from its traditional summary system form of data collection to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). One benefit of NIBRS is that it enables law enforcement agencies to report incident-level clearance information, including the incident and clearance dates. The present study utilizes NIBRS data to compare characteristics of homicides that are cleared quickly with those cleared over a longer period of time and those that are not cleared. Findings from this exploratory study confirm the conventional belief that murders are cleared quickly if at all, as a large drop in the percentage of cleared cases is observed one week after a murder occurs. The present research also suggests that incident characteristics play a dynamic role in predicting not only whether a murder is cleared, but how quickly. These findings provide new insights for studying clearance and suggest policy implications.
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We have observed the structure and velocity of laser-driven shock waves in aluminum foils. We have measured shock velocities as high as 13 km/s and shock luminosity rise-times less than 50 ps, and we have inferred pressures of 200 GPa and shock-front thicknesses 0.7 \ensuremath{\mu}m. These results suggest that such techniques may be used for measuring equation-of-state parameters and studying the detailed structure of shock fronts.
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Summary form only given. This discussion group will explore the different requirements for getting a medical device cleared for marketing in the United States. Specifically, the discussion leaders will give an overview of the 510(k) and PMA, registration, and listing processes. The discussion will also include what is required for foreign companies who wish to import medical devices.
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