Plate assay for fungal enzymes using cellophane membranes
11
Citation
8
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Keywords:
Cellophane
Properties of a dark-brown pigment complex isolated from the spores, mycelium and cultural broth of Actinomyces umbriferus by a conventional technique were compared. The complex consists of three fractions: one is a true melanin while two other fractions differ by several characteristics from melanins and from each other. The fraction which is most similar to melanin prevails in the spores, is contained, in a relatively small amount, in the mycelium, and is absent from the cultural broth. Melanin isolated from the spores has a low relative content of carbon and nitrogen and a higher ash content as compared to melanin isolated from the vegetative mycelium. The pigment complex of the spores is characterized also by differences in properties of the first isolated fraction. The pigment complex from the cultural broth differs from the complex of the mycelium and spores by properties of the studied fractions.
Sporogenesis
Fraction (chemistry)
Cite
Citations (0)
Pyricularia
Spore germination
Protoplasm
Cite
Citations (7)
The root-rot was one of important diseases on Vanilla plants,which was mostly caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schl f.sp.vanillae Gordon.The experiment showed:the hyphae could grow between 5-37 ℃,and the optimum temperature was 28 ℃;the range of temperature for germinating conidia was 5-36 ℃,the optimum temperature was 27 ℃;the lethal temperature for spores was 58 ℃ for 10 minutes.Under the different pH value 2.3-12,the hyphae could grow,and the conidia could germinate,the optimum pH for hyphae growth was 6.5,the optimum pH for conidia germination was 4. The treatment of whole illumination could restrain the growth of mycelium,the alternation of darkness and light could promote mycelium growth.
Spore germination
Darkness
Cite
Citations (1)
The available information on the epidemiology of net spot induced by Leandria momordicae Rangelin Cucumis sativus is contradictory. Due to the lack of a precise information and the difference between symptoms during summer and fall, it was evaluated the mycelium infectivity under appropriate and inappropriate conditions to infect, and the viability of spores from lesions of both seasons. It was observed that the mycelium could infectunder appropriate and under inappropriate temperature under relative moisture conditions for conidium infection. Spores from lesions occurring in the summer were unable to infect, as opposed to those from lesions produced inthe fall, both under natural and moisture chamber conditions. Therefore, due to the fact that the fungus infection either by mycelium or by conidium depends on the environmental conditions, it was concluded that it can infect and survive on its hosts during the whole year. Taking into account the mycelium infectivity, it can be used as inoculum, and its presence must be considered in conidium suspensions addressed to inoculations in plantresistance and susceptibility assays.
Infectivity
Cite
Citations (0)
Cellophane
Potato dextrose agar
Cite
Citations (10)
Properties of a dark-brown pigment complex isolated from the spores, mycelium and cultural broth of Actinomyces umbriferus by a conventional technique were compared. The complex consists of three fractions: one is a true melanin while two other fractions differ by several characteristics from melanins and from each other. The fraction which is most similar to melanin prevails in the spores, is contained, in a relatively small amount, in the mycelium, and is absent from the cultural broth. Melanin isolated from the spores has a low relative content of carbon and nitrogen and a higher ash content as compared to melanin isolated from the vegetative mycelium. The pigment complex of the spores is characterized also by differences in properties of the first isolated fraction. The pigment complex from the cultural broth differs from the complex of the mycelium and spores by properties of the studied fractions.
Cite
Citations (0)
SUMMARY Most of the conidia from eight different streptomycetes did not germinate in natural soil under conditions apparently suitable for their germination. When germinated in nutrient solution and then added to soil, they grew for a limited period, sporulated and then the vegetative hyphae disappeared, leaving behind only spores. Streptomycete conidia produced naturally in garden soil decreased in number by about a half after 12 days. Nevertheless, the conidia are the main means of survival and it appears that streptomycetes exist in soil mainly as spores. Mycelia also existed, but in the main were restricted to micro-sites where nutrient was available.
Soil fungi
Cite
Citations (38)
The aim of the study was an in vitro evaluation of the effect of MWCNTs on the conidia of two strains of entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. The study made use of water suspensions of MWCNTs (concentration ∼ 3 mg·mL(-1)) made from commercial nanotubes and centrifuged. The conidia were placed in contact with nanotubes for 240 h. An assessment of MWCNT influence on conidia was performed after 1, 24, 72 and 240 h and focused on the linear growth of vegetative mycelium derived from these conidia, mycelium sporulation in subcultures and pathogenicity. Using TEM imaging, it was demonstrated that carbon nanotubes are able to damage cell membranes of the examined fungi conidia. However, the absence was noted of a significantly fungistatic effect of both MWCNT suspensions on the examined strains with respect to the physiological features in question. The increase in vegetative mycelium effected by spores after contact with MWCNTs was characterized by a slight modification in relation to the control. There was no strong trend (inhibition - stimulation), in relation to the effect of the tested suspension of carbon nanotubes, on the development of the vegetative mycelium in in vitro culture. Sporulation of the mycelium after completion of the culture only occurred in one case (strain Ma73F and culture of spores after 24-h contact with MWCNTs) significantly more intensely than in the controls. With respect to pathogenicity for test insects compared to the control strain, Ma73F spores grown from the longest contact with nanotubes suspensions performed significantly better. On the basis of the calculated of mycelium index growth rates and the time of death of the test insects (LT50), it was found that the adverse effects of water suspension MWCNTs on the spores of M. anisopliae were applied after a short contact with biological material. This indicates unfavorable physical rather than chemical effects on the tested cell. Over time, nanotube aggregation in water suspensions led to changes in their influence on the cells under examination.
Entomopathogenic fungus
Strain (injury)
Cite
Citations (9)
Buffer-soluble proteins extracted from six morphologically different isolates of Verticillium were separated by polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis. Protein patterns from the six isolates were different from one another whether extracts were prepared from conidia, from young colonies composed of mycelium and conidia, or from 6-day-old mycelium. However, the nature of the patterns, and therefore the degree of differences among species patterns, was influenced by the types of cells from which the extracts were prepared.Patterns of proteins from V. tricorpus, V. nigrescens, and an isolate of uncertain identity (isolate 2) which produced chlamydospores and dark mycelium were clearly different from one another whether extracts were prepared from conidia or mycelium. In contrast, conidia of V. albo-atrum, of V. dahliae, and of an isolate which did not produce pigmented structures produced very similar patterns which differed by only a few protein bands. This close similarity of patterns supports the view that V. albo-atrum and V. dahliae are genetically closely related.The protein composition of conidia differed from that of mycelium. In V. albo-atrum, spore extracts contained at least three proteins not detected in mycelium extracts. Differences between spores and mycelium were even greater in V. nigrescens and isolate 2. Analysis of V. dahliae showed differences between spores, 3-day-old mycelium, and 6-day-old mycelium.Our results support the view that gel-electrophoresis of proteins is useful as a taxonomic tool provided attention is given to the degree of morphological differentiation of the materials to be compared.
Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium
Cite
Citations (12)
Germination of conidia resulting in growth of Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson was not obtained after 21 days of continuous exposure to 5, 35, 37, or 40°C. Growth and sporulation was obtained after similar exposure to 20, 25, and 30°C. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth and sporulation was 25°C. The average time to initial sporulation at 15, 20, and 25°C was 21.0±0.4, 10.4±0.4, and 8.8±0.7 days, respectively. Since mycelial growth of N. rileyi did not occur at temperatures above 35°C, it probably will not develop in avian and mammalian species.
Entomopathogenic fungus
Spore germination
Cite
Citations (16)