A new spectrophotometric method for the determination of free salicylic acid in aspirin and its formulations based on oxidative coupling of 3-methylbenzthiazolinone-2-hydrazone with salicylic acid
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Hydrazone
Pharmacopoeia
Jasmonic acid
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Ex vivo
Subcutaneous injection
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Seeds of rape (Brassica napus L.) were cultured in the presence of exogenous salicylic acid ranging from 0.08 to 10.00 μmol/L (0、 0.08、 0.40、 2.00 and 10.00 μmol/L)to see the effect of salicylic acid on the formation of lateral roots in rape. The results show that 0.40 μmol/L salicylic acid treatment enhanced the formation of lateral roots significantly, in which the number of lateral roots was increased by 47.8% compared with the control. More auxin and lower abscisic acid were detected both in leafs and roots of the treatment of 0.40 μmol/L salicylic acid. It showed that salicylic acid might be involved in the regulation of lateral root formation through influencing the content of endogenous auxin and abscisic acid in rape.
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Aspirin was introduced into clinical practice more than 100 years ago. This unique drug belongs to a family of compounds called the salicylates, the simplest of which is salicylic acid, the principal metabolite of aspirin. Salicylic acid is responsible for the anti‐inflammatory action of aspirin, and may cause the reduced risk of colorectal cancer observed in those who take aspirin. Yet salicylic acid and other salicylates occur naturally in fruits and plants, while diets rich in these are believed to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Serum salicylic acid concentrations are greater in vegetarians than non‐vegetarians, and there is overlap between concentrations in vegetarians and those taking low‐dose aspirin. We propose that the cancer‐preventive action of aspirin is due to its principal metabolite, salicylic acid, and that dietary salicylates can have the same effect. It is also possible that natural salicylates contribute to the other recognized benefits of a healthy diet.
Cancer Prevention
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Salicylic acid is an important endogenous signal molecule in the activation of plant defense responses. The basic properties and the function of salicylic acid involved in plant disease resistance are introduced. The operation mechanisms of salicylic acid inducing plant disease resistance have been discussed in the interaction of salicylic acid with salicylic acid_binding protein and salicylic acid_dependent signalling pathway with salicylic acid_independent signalling pathway. Finally, significance of the study on mechanisms of salicylic acid action are summarized.
Systemic Acquired Resistance
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Salicylic acid (SA) is a new resistance inducer, and has been a focus in development of SA-induced resistance of plants to diseases and pests. The basic properties and the function of salicylic acid involved in plant resistance to diseases and pests are introduced. The mechanism of salicylic acid in inducing resistance of plants to pest insects and diseases is discussed in terms of interaction of salicylic acid with salicylic acid-binding protein, and salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway. The prospects for ap plication of SA in inducing resistance of plants to pests and diseases are also made.
Systemic Acquired Resistance
Inducer
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It has been proposed that salicylic acid acts as an endogenous signal responsible for inducing systemic acquired resistance in plants. The contribution of salicylic acid to systemic acquired resistance was investigated in transgenic tobacco plants harboring a bacterial gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase, which converts salicylic acid to catechol. Transgenic plants that express salicylate hydroxylase accumulated little or no salicylic acid and were defective in their ability to induce acquired resistance against tobacco mosaic virus. Thus, salicylic acid is essential for the development of systemic acquired resistance in tobacco.
Systemic Acquired Resistance
Methyl salicylate
Catechol
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Exogenous application of salicylic acid may improve tolerance to salinity. To investigate whether exogenous salicylic acid application had similar protective effects when applied as a priming agent or concomitantly with NaCl, tomato seedlings primed or not with 10 µM salicylic acid were further treated with 125 mM NaCl, 10 µM salicylic acid or combined treatments. Both priming and concomitant application of salicylic acid increased plant growth of salt-stressed plants but their positive impact was not additive. The endogenous salicylic acid concentration increased in the leaves after concomitant application but not in response to priming, suggesting that salicylic acid accumulated during priming was metabolized subsequently. Priming increased Na+ and K+ accumulation in leaves of salt-treated plants while concomitant application had no impact on shoot Na+ and K+ accumulation. Both priming and concomitant salicylic acid decreased osmotic potential values in salt-treated plants. Carbon isotope discrimination showed that combination of both salicylic acid application methods were required to maintain a good water use efficiency in salt-treated plants. Our work demonstrated that both procedures of salicylic acid application have positive impact on salt resistance but that the underlying properties sustaining these adaptations differ according to application methods.
Priming (agriculture)
Systemic Acquired Resistance
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This article gave an review of the recent research progresses on salicylic acid and heat stress resistance in plants,which aimed mainly at the relationship between salicylic acid and active oxygen,antioxident systerm,heat shock protein,photosynthesis,abscisic acid,calcium ion.The contents of H2O2 in plants could be reduced by a certain concentration of exogenous salicylic acid.Exogenous salicylic acid can improve the activity of superoxide dismutase,but there was still a debate on its influence on the activities of peroxidase and catalase.The exogenous salicylic acid and heat acclimation may show common mechanism of inducing thermotolerance,and the salicylic acid may introduce the heat shock protein.A proper concentration of salicylic acid could increase the photosynthesis ability of plant leaves.Salicylic acid and abscisic acid(ABA) were both the important signal molecule to heat acclimation.Salicylic acid might conduct the disease resistance signal through the calcium messenger system.Further research ideas for this aspect were suggested at the end of the paper.
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