Kinetics of polychlorinated biphenyl dechlorination and growth of dechlorinating microorganism
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The present study has investigated a correlation between the kinetics of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dechlorination and the growth of dechlorinating microbial populations. Microorganisms were eluted from Aroclor 1248-contaminated St. Lawrence River (NY, USA) sediments and inoculated into clean sediments spiked with Aroclor 1248 at 10 concentrations ranging from 0 to 3.12 micromol/g sediment (0-900 ppm). The time course of PCB dechlorination and population growth were concurrently determined by congener-specific analysis and the most probable number technique, respectively. The specific growth rate was a saturation function of PCB concentrations above the threshold concentration (0.14 micromol/g sediment, or 40 ppm), below which no dechlorination or growth of dechlorinations were observed. The maximum growth rate was 0.20/d with a half-saturation constant of 1.23 micromol/g sediment. The yield of dechlorinating microorganisms showed a peak at 0.70 micromol/g sediment (200 ppm), with a value of 10.3 x 10(12) cells/mol Cl removed, and decreased below and above this concentration. The dechlorination rate (micromol Cl removed/g sediment/d) was a linear function of Aroclor concentration. Both the log of this rate and the maximum level of dechlorination were significantly correlated with growth rate. The biomass-normalized dechlorination rate (micromol Cl removed/g sediment/cell/d) was first order because of the exponential manner of the population growth. The first-order rate constant was a saturation function of Aroclor concentrations, with a maximum of 0.24/d (a half-life of 2.9 d) and a half-saturation constant of 1.18 micromol/g sediment, which are similar to the constants for growth. These results indicate that the dechlorination rate is tightly linked to the population growth of dechlorinating microorganisms.Keywords:
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Biphenyl
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Biphenyl
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans
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Polychlorinated biphenyl
Biphenyl
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Utilization of Polyphenyl and Polyphenyl-related Compounds by Microorganisms. Part I Get access Toshio Ohmori, Toshio Ohmori Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takashi Ikai, Takashi Ikai Biological and Chemical Research Institute, Nissan Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yasuji Minoda, Yasuji Minoda Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koichi Yamada Koichi Yamada Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 37, Issue 7, 1 July 1973, Pages 1599–1605, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1973.10860893 Published: 01 July 1973 Article history Received: 27 November 1972 Published: 01 July 1973
Biphenyl
Benzoic acid
Terphenyl
Carbon source
Carbon fibers
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Biphenyl
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Chlorine atom
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As of many organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls are ubiquitous organic contaminants, which can be found in the most environmental matrices. Their toxic effects include endocrinedisrupting activity. Most researches with these toxicants performed with mixtures of congeners, namely Aroclor and related study has been done in complex environmental matrix, rather than single biosystems or pure congeners. 5 congeners were synthesized and their fates in pure microbial culture (Aspergillus niger) were determined in this study. Among biphenyl and synthetic congeners, biphenyl, PCB-1 (2-chlorobiphenyl), and PCB-3 (4-chlorobiphenyl) were rapidly transformed to hydrophilic metabolites, followed by PCB-38(3,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl), while the degradation of PCB-126 (3,3,4,4,5-pentachlorobiphenyl) was not observed. The amounts of transformation for biphenyl, PCB-1, PCB-3, and PCB-38 were 65, 38, 52, and 2% respectively. The major metabolites of the above congeners were identified as mono- and di-hydroxy biphenyls, which are known to give adverse endocrinological effects.
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Biphenyl
Biotransformation
Aspergillus niger
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Biphenyl
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Dodecane
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Abstract A simple method is described for preparing Apiezon L-coated glass capillary columns for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) analysis. The mass represented by each of 72 chromatographic peaks separated on this column from a mixture of Aroclors 1221,1016,1254, and 1260 was determined; the mixture could then be used as a universally applicable calibration standard for analysis of environmentally modified polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures at the parts per billion (ng/g) level. Analytical sensitivity is <10 ng/mL for total PCBs and <0.1 ng/mL for individual PCB congeners.
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Biphenyl
Capillary gas chromatography
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Abstract Methods are described for the synthesis of 4‐chloro(1prime;,2prime;,3prime;,4prime;,5prime;,6′‐ 13 C 6 )biphenyl; 3,3′,4,4′‐tetrachloro( 13 C 12 )biphenyl; and 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′‐octachloro( 13 C 12 )biphenyl; decachloro( 13 C 12 )biphenyl from ( 13 C 6 )benzene of ≧ 99 atom % isotopic purity, on scales of 100 mg to 1 g. The gas chromatographic retention time of each 13 C‐polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) matched that of the corresponding unlabeled commercial reference standard, and the mass spectrum of each compound was consistent with an isotopic purity of ≧ 99 atom % 13 C. These compounds are useful as recovery surrogates and internal standards in the determination of PCBs in a variety of complex matrices.
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Polychlorinated biphenyl
Carbon-13
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Dechlorination of a nonachloro biphenyl congener with zero-valent iron in water under high temperature and pressure was investigated over time. Temperature has the main influence on the speed of dechlorination. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) according to the grade of chlorination was performed by gas chromatography with mass selective detection in single ion monitoring mode. Dechlorination results in a variety of lower chlorinated biphenyls. The level of chlorination decreases with time. The amount of PCB molecules decreases to one-third within 90 min at 250 °C and 100 atm. However, no increase of biphenyl could be detected over time. A first-order kinetic model fitted the data obtained.
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Biphenyl
Polychlorinated biphenyl
Zerovalent iron
Reductive Dechlorination
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The major components of Aroclor ® 1221, a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, have been tentatively identified as the following (weight % composition of each component is given in parentheses): biphenyl (12.7), 2-chlorobiphenyl (28.4), 4-chlorobiphenyl (18.7), 2,2′-dichlorobiphenyl (9.2), 2,4-dichlorobiphenyl (3.5), 2,4′-dichlorobiphenyl (13.6), and 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl (6.2).
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