Three-body abrasion of Al–SiC composites
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Abrasion (mechanical)
Powder Metallurgy
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Abstract Idler rolls are an integral part of belt conveyors. Recently, steel idler rolls have been replaced with polymeric ones in low to middle load applications, bringing several advantages due to the polymer’s lightweight and low abrasiveness in the conveyor belt. However, using polymeric material for high load application brings challenges, particularly presenting similar structural and abrasion resistance to steel. This work puts forwards a methodology using a rubber-wheel tribometer to evaluate the abrasion resistance of polymeric idler rolls in their most severe operating condition (halted idler roll) and defines a threshold limit based on the results obtained with steel idler rolls. The methodology was applied to 07 different polymeric materials. To further understand materials abrasions resistance, scratching tests were performed, and the main wear mechanisms, verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and abrasion factor (F AB ), were discussed along with the material properties. The main conclusions are: i) some polymeric materials present abrasion resistance similar to steel rolls; ii) the wear micromechanisms, verified by SEM and F AB , are good indicators of abrasion resistance of the materials but insufficient because they do not include temperature and fatigue effects resulting from multi abrasive events; iii) the additive fillers significantly altered the abrasive resistance of materials, although they do not change the material properties significantly.
Abrasion (mechanical)
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Abstract Abrasive wear mechanisms—including two-body and three-body abrasion—dominate the performance and lifespan of tribological systems in many engineering fields, even of those operating in lubricated conditions. Bearing steel (100Cr6) pins and discs in a flat-on-flat contact were utilized in experiments together with 5 and 13 µm Al 2 O 3 -based slurries as interfacial media to shed light on the acting mechanisms. The results indicate that a speed-induced hydrodynamic effect occurred and significantly altered the systems’ frictional behavior in tests that were performed using the 5 µm slurry. Further experiments revealed that a speed-dependent hydrodynamic effect can lead to a 14% increase in film thickness and a decrease in friction of around 2/3, accompanied by a transition from two-body abrasion to three-body abrasion and a change in wear mechanism from microcutting and microploughing to fatigue wear. Surprisingly, no correlation could be found between the total amount of wear and the operating state of the system during the experiment; however, the wear distribution over pin and disc was observed to change significantly. This paper studies the influence of the hydrodynamic effect on the tribological mechanism of lubricated abrasive wear and also highlights the importance to not only consider a tribological systems’ global amount of wear.
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Abstract The wear properties for wood were examined using 2-body and 3-body abrasion tests. The testing methodologies were designed so that the results from the two methods could be compared. The results showed that the 3-body abrasive wear rate for the axial, radial, and tangential sections dispersed at higher applied surface pressures. As a result, the 3-body abrasion test did not wear continuously, unlike the 2-body abrasion test at equivalent applied surface pressures. The critical value below which the 3-body abrasion test is valid could be estimated by the applied surface pressure and the wood specimen's and the counterface material's yield stresses. The number of contacting abrasive grains in the valid region of the 3-body abrasion test was found to agree approximately with that of 2-body abrasion. However, when the 3-body abrasion test was conducted above the critical value, the number of contacting abrasive grains decreased with repeated friction.
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Two types of interaction of erosive and abrasive forces with human enamel were analysed in an in vitro study. To simulate toothbrushing or chewing after an acidic challenge, enamel specimens were eroded in 0.3% citric acid (pH 3.2), then brushed with or without silica abrasive. To simulate simultaneous erosion and abrasion, as would occur during chewing of abrasive acidic food, enamel specimens were abraded in a toothbrushing machine, with and without silica abrasive, while immersed in citric acid. Enamel wear was measured by profilometry. In both experiments the combination of erosion and abrasion resulted in significantly greater wear than erosion alone, but no significant differences in wear after brushing with or without abrasive were found. Simultaneous erosion and abrasion resulted in about 50% more wear than alternating erosion and abrasion. It is concluded that softened enamel is highly unstable and potentially easily removed by short and relatively gentle physical action. Chewing of acidic foods with some abrasive properties might cause enhanced tooth wear.
Abrasion (mechanical)
Tooth wear
Tooth Erosion
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Hardfacing
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The machinery and equipment performing in the abrasive environment, like sand, soil, ores and dirt, suffer from severe abrasive wear. To prevent such machines and equipment from failure, understanding the low-stress abrasive wear mechanism is requisite. In the present study, the effects of abrading distances, wheel speeds and applied loads on the low-stress abrasion behaviour of LM25-SiCp composite in as-received and after heat treatment state have been investigated by dry abrasion tester as per ASTM G65 standard, and outcomes have been compared to its alloy. The composite has excellent wear properties compared to the base alloy. The abrasive abrasion rate of the materials decreased with increasing abrading distances, whereas the trend was reversed at wheel speed and applied load. The material removal mechanism varies with the wheel speed and applied load. After abrasion, the wear surface of the specimens was analysed by using a field-emission scanning electron microscope to know the materials removal mechanism during the abrasion.
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