Effect of calcium-binding additives on ventricular fibrillation and repolarization changes during coronary angiography
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Diatrizoate Meglumine
T wave
Objective To observe the role of 76 % meglumine diatrizoate in the treatment of early postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction. Methods 60 ml of 76% of meglumine diatrizoate was discontinuously infused through gastric tube three times in 23 patients with early inflammatory intestinal obstruction after operation. Results Sixteen cases ( 69.5% ) showed remission of intestinal obstruction 48 h after first infusion of meglunine diatrizoate and thoroughly cured within 4～7 days; 7 patients ( 30.5% ) didn't obtain remission of intestinal obstruction after infusion of meglumine diatizoate 3 times. Conservative treatment was given for 13～19 days and the patients were cured. Conclusion High osmotic meglumine diatrizoate infusion through gastric tube was easy, safe and effective for the treatment of postoperative early inflammatory intestinal obstruction
Diatrizoate Meglumine
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Endocardium
T wave
Ventricular action potential
Benign early repolarization
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Background—This study examines the cellular basis for the phenotypic appearance of broad-based T waves, increased transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR), and torsade de pointes (TdP) induced by β-adrenergic agonists under conditions mimicking the LQT1 form of the congenital long-QT syndrome. Methods and Results—A transmural ECG and transmembrane action potentials from epicardial, M, and endocardial cells were recorded simultaneously from an arterially perfused wedge of canine left ventricle. Chromanol 293B, a specific IKs blocker, dose-dependently (1 to 100 μmol/L) prolonged the QT interval and action potential duration (APD90) of the 3 cell types but did not widen the T wave, increase TDR, or induce TdP. Isoproterenol 10 to 100 nmol/L in the continued presence of chromanol 293B 30 μmol/L abbreviated the APD90 of epicardial and endocardial cells but not that of the M cell, resulting in widening of the T wave and a dramatic accentuation of TDR. Spontaneous as well as programmed electrical stimulatio...
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Rabbit hearts were isolated and perfused with Krebs' solution according to the Langendorff technique. In the perfusion catheter contrast agent, i.e., pure meglumine diatrizoate, was injected causing ventricular fibrillation. Lidocaine injected before or together with the meglumine salt prevented or shortened the fibrillation period. Lidocaine injected alone caused decreased left ventricular force and a reduction of the heart rate. Contrast media-induced ventricular fibrillation is a complication of coronary angiographies. The fibrillation- preventing effect of lidocaine is suggested for further studies.
Fibrillation
Meglumine
Diatrizoate Meglumine
Antiarrhythmic agent
Lidocaine Hydrochloride
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Objective To analyze the effect of meglumine diatrizoate on diagnosing and treating adhesiveness small intestinal obstruction.Methods The clinic data of 484 cases of adhesiveness small intestinal obstruction were analyzed retrospectively.Those patients were treated with radiography with 76% of meglumine diatrizoate by orally or injected.Results After taking meglumine diatrizoate,362 patients were cured,and the other 122 cases were diagnosed clearly and treated with surgery.Conclusions Meglumine diatrizoate can be used to diagnose adhesiveness small intestinal obstruction and confirm where the obstruction is.It can be the routine treatment for adhesiveness small intestinal obstruction and can be used repeatedly.It also can provide evidence to surgical treatment and guide to make the surgical project.
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The electrocardiographic (ECG) manifestation of ventricular repolarization includes J (Osborn), T, and U waves. On the basis of biophysical principles of ECG recording, any wave on the body surface ECG represents a coincident voltage gradient generated by cellular electrical activity within the heart. The J wave is a deflection with a dome that appears on the ECG after the QRS complex. A transmural voltage gradient during initial ventricular repolarization, which results from the presence of a prominent action potential notch mediated by the transient outward potassium current (I to ) in epicardium but not endocardium, is responsible for the registration of the J wave on the ECG. Clinical entities that are associated with J waves (the J‐wave syndrome) include the early repolarization syndrome, the Brugada syndrome and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation related to a prominent J wave in the inferior leads. The T wave marks the final phase of ventricular repolarization and is a symbol of transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in the ventricles. An excessively prolonged QT interval with enhanced TDR predisposes people to develop torsade de pointes. The malignant “R‐on‐T” phenomenon, i.e., an extrasystole that originates on the preceding T wave, is due to transmural propagation of phase 2 reentry or phase 2 early afterdepolarization. A pathological “U” wave as seen with hypokalemia is the consequence of electrical interaction among ventricular myocardial layers at action potential phase 3 of which repolarization slows. A physiological U wave is thought to be due to delayed repolarization of the Purkinje system.
Atrial action potential
J wave
U wave
Afterdepolarization
T wave
Endocardium
Reentry
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T wave concordance in the normal human electrocardiogram (ECG) generally is explained by assuming opposite directions of ventricular depolarization and repolarization; however, direct experimental evidence for this hypothesis is lacking. We used a contact electrode catheter to record monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from 54 left ventricular endocardial sites during cardiac catheterization (seven patients) and a new contact electrode probe to record MAPs from 23 epicardial sites during cardiac surgery (three patients). All patients had normal left ventricular function and ECGs with concordant T waves. MAP recordings during constant sinus rhythm or right atrial pacing were analyzed for activation time (AT) = earliest QRS deflection to MAP upstroke, action potential duration (APD) = MAP upstroke to 90% repolarization, and repolarization time (RT) = AT plus APD. AT and APD varied by 32 and 64 msec, respectively, over the left ventricular endocardium and by 55 and 73 msec, respectively, over the left ventri...
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The normal sequence of ventricular recovery proceeds from epicardium to endocardium, but on the epicardium the pattern of ventricular recovery is similar to the pattern of activation. Data concerning ventricular repolarization have been obtained from analyses of electrocardiographic recordings, suction potential recordings, a limited number of recordings of transmembrane action potentials, and from measurements of refractory periods. Normal ventricular repolarization has now been characterized in sufficient detail that it can be used with theoretic models to derive T waves with forms that correspond closely to recorded T waves. These models provide insights concerning the body surface manifestations of the electrophysiologic events of ventricular repolarization and should contribute to a more physiologic approach to interpreting T wave abnormalities in clinical electrocardiograms. A relationship between inhomogeneity of ventricular refractory period duration and arrhythmia vulnerability has also been documented. Because inhomogeneity of ventricular repolarization is a factor in both T wave-form and arrhythmia vulnerability, methods of analysis of the T wave for determining patients at risk of developing arrhythmias should be possible. One such analysis is presented. The method has been tested on experimental animals before and after interventions designed to increase arrhythmia vulnerability and in a limited number of patient studies. The results to date are encouraging and suggest that in the future electrocardiographic examination will be used as a prognostic tool in addition to its already established diagnostic function.
T wave
Endocardium
Ventricular Repolarization
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Abnormality
T wave
U wave
Short QT syndrome
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Sympathomimetic drugs infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery of unanaesthetized dogs produce two distinct electrocardiographic responses. Compounds with two or three hydroxyl groups cause depressed ST segments and tall peaked T waves of precordial leads. Agents with one or no hydroxyl group, or with an oxymethyl group, cause coved ST segments and inverted T waves. The tall peaked T wave elicited by noradrenaline is associated with an increased rate of fall of phase 3 of the monophasic action potential of openchest animals, whereas the inverted T wave is associated with a decreased rate of fall of phase 3.
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