African monkeys are infected by Plasmodium falciparum nonhuman primate-specific strains
Franck PrugnolleBenjamin OllomoPatrick DurandErhan YalcindagCéline ArnathauÉric ElgueroAntoine BerryXavier PourrutJean‐Paul GonzalezDieudonné NkogheJean AkianaDelphine VerrierEric M. LeroyFrancisco J. AyalaFrançois Renaud
67
Citation
31
Reference
10
Related Paper
Citation Trend
Abstract:
Recent molecular exploration of the Plasmodium species circulating in great apes in Africa has revealed the existence of a large and previously unknown diversity of Plasmodium . For instance, gorillas were found to be infected by parasites closely related to Plasmodium falciparum , suggesting that the human malignant malaria agent may have arisen after a transfer from gorillas. Although this scenario is likely in light of the data collected in great apes, it remained to be ascertained whether P. falciparum -related parasites may infect other nonhuman primates in Africa. Using molecular tools, we here explore the diversity of Plasmodium species infecting monkeys in Central Africa. In addition to previously described Hepatocystis and Plasmodium species ( Plasmodium gonderi and Plasmodium sp DAJ-2004 ), we have found one African monkey to be infected by a P. falciparum -related parasite. Examination of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of this parasite reveals that it is specific of nonhuman primates, indicating that P. falciparum -related pathogens can naturally circulate in some monkey populations in Africa. We also show that at least two distinct genetic entities of P. falciparum infect nonhuman primates and humans, respectively. Our discoveries bring into question the proposed gorilla origin of human P. falciparum .Keywords:
Plasmodium (life cycle)
Gorilla
Non human primate
Abstract We assessed the use of nonhuman primates and nonhuman primate biological material in research by reviewing studies published in 2001 in peer‐reviewed journals. The number and species of primates used, the origin of the animals, the type of study, the area of research of the investigation, and the location at which the research was performed were tabulated. Additionally, factors related to the animals that may have affected the outcome of the experiments were recorded. A total of 2,937 articles involving 4,411 studies that employed nonhuman primates or nonhuman primate biological material were identified and analyzed. More than 41,000 animals were represented in the studies published in 2001. In the 14% of studies for which re‐use could be determined, 69% involved animals that had been used in previous experiments. Published studies most commonly used nonhuman primates or nonhuman primate biological material from the species Chlorocebus aethiops (19%), Macaca mulatta (18%), M. fascicularis (9%), and Papio spp. (6%). Of these studies, 54% were classified as in vitro studies, 14% as noninvasive, 30% as chronic, and 1% were considered acute. Nonhuman primates were primarily used in research areas in which they appear to be the most appropriate models for humans. The most common areas of research were microbiology (including HIV/AIDS (26%)), neuroscience (19%), and biochemistry/chemistry (12%). Most (84%) of the primate research published in 2001 was conducted in North America, Europe, and Japan. The animals and conditions under which they were housed and used were rarely described. Although it is estimated that nonhuman primates account for an extremely small fraction of all animals used in research, their special status makes it important to report the many husbandry and environmental factors that influence the research results generated. This analysis has identified that editors rarely require authors to provide comprehensive information concerning the subjects (e.g., their origin), treatment conditions, and experimental procedures utilized in the studies they publish. The present analysis addresses the use of primates for research, including the effects of a shortage of suitable nonhuman primate subjects in many research areas. Am. J. Primatol. 63:225–237, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Non human primate
African Green Monkey
Cercopithecus aethiops
Primatology
Non human primate
Cite
Citations (233)
Nonhuman primates appear to be the natural choice among prospective xenograft donors for man. Their taxonomic proximity to humans is expressed in similar anatomy and, above all, in immunological likeness, the two basic criteria evoked in selection of an ideal organ donor. For similar reasons, experimental organ transplantations among individuals of closely related primate species constitute animal models that most intimately approximate conditions of primate-to-man transplants, and should, therefore, precede any serious attempts to use nonhuman primate organs for human patients.
Non human primate
Xenotransplantation
Non human primate
Cite
Citations (4)
Non human primate
Non human primate
Cite
Citations (31)
Non human primate
Spectrogram
Non-human
Cite
Citations (12)
Non human primate
Pandemic
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Non human primate
Cite
Citations (24)
Non human primate
Cite
Citations (0)
AbstractMalaria parasites infect a variety of animals, including reptiles, birds, rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans (1). The most commonly studied hosts for biologic, immunologic, and chemotherapeutic studies are rodents and nonhuman primates. The nonhuman primate models of interest are those that are susceptible to the humaninfecting malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale, and the malaria parasites naturally infective to monkeys and apes. Presented here are various combinations of parasite species and strains with primate hosts suitable for various immunologic and chemotherapeutic studies. Of particular interest are those models susceptible to the human malaria parasites. However, parasites naturally infective to monkeys and apes have characteristics that make them very suitable for a variety of laboratory-based investigations.KeywordsWorld MonkeyMosquito InfectionAnopheline MosquitoHuman Malaria ParasiteNonhuman Primate ModelThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Non human primate
Plasmodium (life cycle)
Cite
Citations (12)
Non human primate
Primatology
Non human primate
Cite
Citations (1)
Abstract This chapter presents additional perspectives on vocalization capabilities in primates. It concentrates on a series of studies that have explored the vocal ontogeny of nonhuman primates and flexibility in the structure and usage of nonhuman primate calls, and then compares these findings to the development of preverbal utterances in human children. The chapter shows that the structure of nonhuman primate vocalizations is largely innate, and suggests that nonhuman primates can display a lifelong high degree of variability in their vocal types.
Non human primate
Cite
Citations (97)