Evaluation of force—displacement measurements during one-sided powder compaction in a die — the influence of friction with the die wall and of the diameter of punches and die on upper and lower punch pressure
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Abstract In order to improve compactness of asphalt mixture, a novel vacuum compaction method is proposed and its process parameters are optimized. A simple compaction cylinder with a hole adjusting air pressure was designed and fabricated based on marshal compaction cylinder design. Common compaction and vacuum compaction were conducted separately by using compaction cylinder. The experimental results demonstrate that accumulative compaction depth with vacuum compaction was deeper compared to that of common compaction in the same compaction repetitions. In vacuum compaction, the effect of compaction at -0.08 Mpa presented the best performance. Accumulative compaction depth at - 0.08 Mpa is 3.41mm deeper than that in common compaction, increased 20.53%. Meanwhile, density, porosity, voids in mineral aggregate and percentage of asphalt volume also exhibits that vacuum degree of -0.08 Mpa is most efficient pressure value. These results indicate that vacuum compaction method can effectively improve compactness of asphalt mixture, which could provide a novel method for the enhancement of road quality and road lifespan.
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The objective of this study is to investigate the compaction characteristics of cold recycled mixtures with asphalt emulsion (CRME) using the Superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) method. Five characteristic parameters were proposed and calculated including the compaction energy index, the compaction energy index, three compaction energy indicators at different compaction stages. The influence of these parameters and material compositions were analyzed for the pavement performance. The difference between SGC and Marshall double-sided compaction/heavy compaction method was compared. The results show that the proposed parameters can better reflect the compaction characteristics of CRME, and the mixture effect with SGC of 50 gyrations was close to that with 75 blows using the Marshall compaction. The asphalt emulsion contents and compaction temperatures had a significant effect on compaction characteristics, but the effect of aggregate gradations was not significant. The appropriate asphalt emulsion and the new aggregate content can increase the capability of the CRME to resist the permanent deformation. The optimum mixing water content of CRME obtained by the SGC method was reduced by 18%, but the density increased by 3.5%, compared with the heavy compaction method. Finally, a new idea to determine the optimum emulsified asphalt content of CRME was provided through analyzing the compaction characteristic parameters.
Asphalt pavement
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Mechanical properties of pervious concrete (PC) are highly influenced by the applied compaction; however, the required level of compaction to achieve the desired density and strength in the field is currently unknown. In some cases, compaction is established empirically on costly test panels. In this study, the relationship between the applied compaction force and the hardened porosity (Ø) and compressive strength (fc) was investigated. Three PC mix proportions with varying paste contents were compacted in the laboratory using a lightweight deflectometer (LWD) at four different compaction levels. Porosity and 7-day fc testing were carried out on cylinders cast with each compaction level. In general, the first 15 LWD drops influenced Ø and fc significantly, while the effect of compaction beyond that level was less significant. The applied compaction force recorded by the LWD was used to obtain the required properties of a rotary roller-screed to apply an equivalent compaction force in the field. Then, regression-based models were developed to estimate the 7-day Ø and fc of PC based on the applied compaction force and the paste content. The developed models provide a practical solution to compute the required compaction force in the field to achieve the desired PC mechanical properties.
Pervious concrete
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Through the Marshall compaction tests and gyratory compaction tests,compaction characteristics of warm mix asphalt under different compaction methods are studied.With AC-13F,for example,the impact of compacting method and compaction times on volumetric property of warm mix asphalt are analyzed and compared with hot mix asphalt.The results show that specimen density by gyratory compaction are greater than Marshall compaction;specimen volumetric property are not sensitive to compaction method and asphalt mixture type when the compaction times is 50.The contrast parameters for warm asphalt mixture design and construction are provided.
Asphalt pavement
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Compaction characters of variable thickness screed-coat material were investigated during the process of old cement road reconstruction. The compaction characters of asphalt mixture of variable thickness were studied under gyratory compaction test. Results show that asphalt mixture ATB 25 with different initial thickness have the same compaction character. However, residual void ratio of asphalt mixture with different initial thickness is different under the same compaction times. Based on void ratio of design and the relationship of compaction times and remaining void ratio, the relationship of compaction times and initial thickness was established. Through the results of gyratory compaction test, the optimum compaction temperature of ATB 25 is confirmed to be 140.
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Void ratio
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This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of compaction of asphalt pavements and develop software for monitoring field compaction in real time. In the first phase of this study, the researchers built several test sections that were constructed using different asphalt mixtures and various compaction methods. The results of these experiments were used to determine the effects of compaction temperature, compaction method, mixture design, and base type on the compactability of asphalt mixtures. The researchers found that the efficiency of the compactive effort across the steel rollers was non-uniform. A point on the mat closer to the center of the roller was subjected to more compaction than a point closer to the edge of the roller. The compaction temperature was found to have a great effect on compaction irrespective of mixture type. The researchers presented a method for predicting the density of asphalt pavements in real time. This method utilizes the location of the roller on the mat and the compaction curves for each roller to predict the density. The predicted density was close to the measured one. In the second phase of this study, the researchers developed a system for monitoring and documenting the compaction process of asphalt mixtures. This system is called the compaction monitoring system (CMS). The CMS uses the latest global positioning system technologies and various sensors to provide full coverage of the newly constructed mat. The CMS shows maps of coverage, compaction index, and temperature of the first roller pass in real time. The CMS was found to be simple and easy to install and use. The CMS was able to show some inconsistencies in the compaction process, for example, unequal converge across the mat, non-uniform temperature, and significant delay in compaction after placement of the mixtures. The CMS documents the compaction process for the whole project, and the data are saved on the computer. The data can be opened using the same software for reviewing the whole compaction process.
Asphalt pavement
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Warm compacting behaviors of pure titanium powders were studied. The results show that warm compaction can be applied to titanium powders. The green densities obtained through warm compaction are generally higher than obtained through cold compaction at the same pressure. The optimal warm compacting temperature is about 140 . At the compacting pressure of 500 Mpa, the ejection force of titanium powders through warm compaction is 32.4% lower than through cold compaction. At the same pressure, the effective compression force through warm compaction is bigger than one through cold compaction. In addition, the densification mechanism of warm compaction was discussed.
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Abstract A novel vacuum compaction method, aiming to improve mechanical properties of asphalt pavement, was developed and compared to common compaction method. A compaction cylinder with a hole of adjusting air pressure was designed and fabricated and was utilized for finishing vacuum compaction and common compaction. Compared common compaction, at vacuum degree of-0.04 MPa air void of the sample after compaction decreases by 6.25% and at vacuum degree of-0.08 MPa it decreases by 10.9%, which indicated that vacuum compaction is more efficient than common compaction. Similarly, the changing of voids in mineral aggregate also exhibited the same trend, which indicated that vacuum degree at -0.08 MPa is the most efficient value. Through splitting test, splitting strength under vacuum compaction was higher than that under common compaction, by 10.2%. Furthermore, the ability of strain-stress increased by 11.55% by applying vacuum compaction. These results prove that the mechanical properties of asphalt pavement were optimized by the use of vacuum compaction instead of common compaction.
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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