Preparation of UV curing crosslinked polyviologen film and its photochromic and electrochromic performances
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Keywords:
UV-Curing
TMPTA
Several UV-curable formulations containing urethane acrylate (M-1200) oligomer with a trifunctional monomer, trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), and photoinitiator Irgcure-369 were developed to improve the surface of plywood. Thin polymer films were prepared on glass plate with these formulated solutions and finally applied on polished plywood surface to modify the surface, and both were cured under UV-radiation. The properties of UV-cured thin films were studied as a function of UV-radiation intensities. Pendulum hardness (PH) and gel content were found to increase with the increase of TMPTA concentration up to a certain level and with further increase of monomer concentration the physical properties were decreased. The polymer-coated surface yielded enhanced physico-mechanical properties compared to that of unmodified surface.
TMPTA
UV-Curing
Propane
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Abstract Several UV‐curable formulations containing epoxydiacrylate (EB‐600) oligomer with a tri‐functional monomer, trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), and photoinitiator Irgcure‐369 were developed to improve the surface of Partex. Filler or extender CaCO 3 was incorporated into the solution. Thin polymer films were prepared on glass plate with these formulated solutions and finally applied on polished Partex surface, and both were cured under UV‐radiation. The properties of UV‐cured thin films were studied as a function of CaCO 3 concentration. Pendulum hardness and gel content were found to decrease on glass plate with the increase of CaCO 3 concentration. Pendulum hardness, scratch hardness, and abrasion resistance of the cured Partex were found to be higher with the increase of CaCO 3 content up to 4%. Thus, the formulation containing 4% CaCO 3 showed the best performance over all formulations containing CaCO 3 . © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 1858–1867, 2001
TMPTA
UV-Curing
Ultraviolet
Gloss (optics)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Filler (materials)
Surface Modification
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Abstract Five different formulations prepared with epoxy diacrylate oligomer and trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) monomer of different proportions along with a photoinitiator (Irgacure-369) were taken to produce thin films under UV radiation. Various physical properties like pendulum hardness (PH), gel content, and macroscratch hardness (MSH) of these UV-cured films were studied. On the basis of better properties exhibited by the films, three of the formulations were chosen for base coat and the remaining for top coat on the partex surface. Two formulations, of which one for base coat and the other for top coat, were applied on the partex and then cured by UV radiation. Thereafter, PH, gloss, MSH, abrasion resistance, adhesion, etc., properties of the UV-cured partex surfaces were investigated. The best coating obtained for the base coat is with 48% TMPTA while that for the top coat is 82% TMPTA. The simulated weathering test of the UV-cured partex surface made with this coating was also performed as an extension of further studies of PH, gloss, adhesion, and MSH; this also shows better performance against the weathering treatment. Acknowledgments
TMPTA
Gloss (optics)
UV-Curing
Abrasion (mechanical)
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Different formulations were developed with prepolymer epoxy acrylate (EA-1020) and various reactive diluents to modify the plywood surface. Tripropylene glycol diacrylate; 1,6 hexanediol diacrylate; and trimethyl propen triacrylate (TMPTA) monomers were used as reactive diluents. Photoinitiator daracure-1664 (2%) was used in the formulations and two types of fillers such as talc and sand were also used in the basecoat formulations. The formulated solutions were coated on glass plate and cured under ultraviolet radiation. Pendulum hardness and gel content of the cured films were characterized. The formulation containing TMPTA showed the highest pendulum hardness. The same formulated solutions were coated on the polished plywood surface and cured under the same ultraviolet radiation with different radiation intensities (number of passes). Various physical parameters such as pendulum hardness, macro scratch hardness, micro gloss, adhesion, and abrasion test of coated plywood were studied. The formulation containing filler sand with TMPTA produced a better performance than those of other basecoat formulations, and the TMPTA-containing formulation produced the best performance of other top coat formulation. To further improve the surfaces of plywood, the surface was treated with aqueous acetic acid of different concentration and 3% acetic acid registered the improved properties.
TMPTA
UV-Curing
Knoop hardness test
Prepolymer
Gloss (optics)
Diluent
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소형 UV 챔버 내부온도 및 챔버 내 체류시간이 Urethane Acrylate 의 경화속도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. UV 램프에 가해지는 Power를 60, 80, 100% 로 조절하여 UV 조사량 (UV dose)를 변경하였고 필름이 지나가는 챔버 내부의 가이드롤 (또는 패턴롤)에 냉각수를 투입하여 롤 자체의 온도에 변화를 주었다. 또한 코팅속도를 조절하여 챔버 내부에서의 체류 시간을 변경시켰는데 이들 조건들이 Urethane Acrylate 의 경화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보기 위하여 경화된 필름의 gel 분율을 측정, 비교하였다. 본 연구를 통해 Power가 증가 할수록 경화기 내부의 온도는 상승 하였으며 냉각수 투입에 따라 경화기 내부의 온도는 감소하였는데 이러한 경화기 내부의 온도변화는 UV 경화에 큰 영향을 미치지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 반면에 코팅속도가 증가할수록 경화필름의 gel 분율은 감소하였는데 이는 충분한 경화를 위해서는 경화기내부에서의 체류시간이 일정 이상이 되어야 함을 의미하였다. 한편, 체류시간에 따른 UV dose 측정 및 UV 램프주변의 열유동 해석을 통하여 램프주변의 온도분포 해석을 시도하였는데 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 UV 경화기 구조 및 운전 조건이 UV 경화된 제품의 특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알 수 있었다. We have studied the effect of temperature and exposure time on the UV curing rate of Urethane Acrylate. UV dose has been modulated by changing the electric power, and temperature has been controled by coating rate and water temperature of the coating roll. Curing rate was evaluated by measuring gel fraction of the cured film. It has been found that effect of coating velocity on the gel fraction of the final film is predominant, but role of temperature of the UV chamber is negligible. These observations imply that exposure time of UV light is critical to have a fully cured film. To better understand the effect of design and operating condition of UV coater on the behavior of UV curing of Urethane Acrylate, we have also conducted heat-flux analysis of UV chamber.
UV-Curing
Ultraviolet
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Abstract Thin films were prepared with urethane acrylate oligomer in combination with a number of acrylate monomers. Two monofunctional monomers such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP); two difunctional monomers, e.g., hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA); and a trifunctional monomer, trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), were used to prepare the films. These were cured under UV radiation. Their physicomechanical properties were studied. TMPTA film showed the highest hardness with the least tensile properties (tensile strength and elongation at the break). However, NVP exhibited the best performance among all these functional monomers as far as physicomechanical properties are concerned.
TMPTA
Acrylate polymer
Oligomer
Propane
Elongation
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Abstract Epoxy methacrylate resin (EMA) UV‐curable coatings exhibit high reactivity, low viscosity and excellent chemical resistance in environmentally friendly coatings. A novel EMA containing phthalazinone moieties for high temperature resistant UV‐curable coatings was synthesized. The formulations were cured with hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) as reactive diluents promoted by a photoinitiator, and then interpenetrating polymer networks were generated. The mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of the clear coatings were characterized using Chinese National Standard methods (GB). EMA was used with UV radiation curing in combination with 6.7 wt% of HDDA and 13.4 wt% of TMPTA, and the properties of the cured films were as follows: pencil hardness of 5 H, 30% NaOH resistance for 30 days, 15% HCl resistance for 10 days, 3% NaCl resistance for 30 days and 5% weight loss temperature of 300.5 °C. EMA UV‐curable coatings containing phthalazinone exhibit excellent chemical and thermal stability, and could be potential candidates for UV‐curable zero volatile organic compound coatings applied in the fields of salt spray corrosion, strong radiation and high‐temperature resistance. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
TMPTA
UV-Curing
Chemical resistance
Thermal Stability
Trimethylolpropane
Propane
Diluent
Chemical Stability
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A novel branched phosphonate acrylate monomer containing phosphorus and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes was successfully synthesized and then incorporated into epoxy acrylate resins in different ratios using ultraviolet curing technology.
Phosphonate
UV-Curing
Ultraviolet
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This study was done to assess the curing behavior of UV-curable coatings containing the multifunctional acrylate monomers, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (DiPEPA). Functionalized nanosilica was used for nano-based coating preparations. A microtome was used to cut each coating into three sections in order to study depth profiles of the coatings. FTIR and HPLC analyses were applied to determine degrees of double-bond conversion and quantities of residual monomer. The results showed that the biggest monomer in terms of size, DiPEPA, mainly remained at the surface of the microtomed sections. However, the bottom of microtomed sections had residual HDDA and TMPTA monomers. Similar behavior was observed in the nano-based coatings, and the degree of conversion at the bottom of the microtomed sections had noticeably increased.
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Trimethylolpropane
UV-Curing
Acrylate polymer
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Abstract The electro-optic properties of PDLC films were investigated by process conditions such as PDLC injection temperature, UV curing temperature and UV power. The mixture of liquid crystal (TL205) and the prepolymer substituted 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) for trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and the crosslinker in PN393 was used for PDLC formulation. The contrast ratio and driving voltage of PDLC films were mainly affected by UV curing temperature, rather than by the injection temperature. The film that was prepared at a relatively low UV process temperature revealed a good contrast ratio at a low driving voltage. Keywords: driving voltageelectro-optic propertiesflexible displaymicrodisplaysPDLCUV process temperature Acknowledgments This work was partly supported by the IT R&D program of MIC/IITA [2007-F-045-01, Development of the projection input/output optical platform for realistic portable devices] and the DGIST Basic Research Program of the MOST.
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Prepolymer
Contrast ratio
UV-Curing
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