Seasonal Changes in Nutrient Concentrations of ‘Newhall’ and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ Navel Oranges
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Abstract:
Seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations of leaf and fruit structural parts (rind and pulp) from ‘Newhall’ (Citrus. sinensis Osbeck) and ‘Skagg's Bonanza’ (C. sinensis Osbeck) navel oranges were investigated during fruit development in two successive years. Leaf calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), and potassium (K) concentrations were relatively constant throughout the whole season with the exception of an increase of K at stage 1, the period of fruitlet growth [before 80 days after full bloom (DAFB)], whereas the magnesium (Mg), boron (B), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) concentrations declined distinctly during stage 2 (80–180 DAFB), the period of fruit rapid enlargement. In rind, Ca, B, Fe, and Mn concentrations reached the greatest levels at stage 2, different from K and Mg, which increased at stage 1 and decreased thereafter. In pulp, concentrations of Ca, K, Mg, and Mn declined gradually with time, whereas a small rise in B toward the end of sampling and a clear increase of Fe at stage 2 were observed. It was suggested that ‘Newhall’ required greater B inherently in fruits as the cultivar had greater B concentrations in fruit parts and had greater rind/leaf B concentration ratios than ‘Skagg's Bonanza.’ ‘Newhall’ had relatively greater rind Ca content and exhibited Ca distribution more uniformly within its fruit parts, which probably enhanced the crack resistance.Keywords:
Navel orange
Citrus × sinensis
The effects of foliar spraying 600 × calcium amino acids on Fukumoto navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv.Fukumoto navel orange),Lane's late navel orange (C.sinensis Osbeck cv.Lane's Late navel orange),and early gold sweet orange (C.sinensis Osbeck cv.early gold sweet orange),and 1000 ×calcium nitrate on CaraCara Navel orange (C.sinensis Osbeck cv.Cara Cara Navel orange) on oleocellosis development and external quality of citrus fruit were studied.The results showed that calcium treatment significantly reduced the total occurrence of rind oleocellosis,especially for 1st grade incidence of oleocellosis.oleocellosis incidence of Fukumoto navel orange,Lane's late navel orange,early gold sweet orange and CaraCara navel orange fruit decreased from 80%,80%,75% and 82% to 50%,25%,29% and 39%,respectively.However,the 2nd grade incidence of oleocellosis changed irregularly.At the same time,the calcium treatments were found to improve fruit color.
Citrus × sinensis
Navel orange
Navel
Calcium nitrate
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Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from citrus genus have been of particular interest because of their broad spectrum of biological activities, including antiinflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiatherogenic properties. There have been increasing interests in the exploration of health beneficial properties of PMFs in citrus fruits. Therefore, the isolation and characterization of PMFs from sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel will lead to new applications of the byproducts from orange juice processes and other orange consumption in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. In our study, eight hydroxylated PMFs, six PMFs, one polymethoxyflavanone, one hydroxylated polymethoxyflavanone, and two hydroxylated polymethoxychalcones were isolated from sweet orange peel and their structures were elucidated by various MS, UV, and different NMR techniques. Some of the hydroxylated PMFs and chalcones are newly isolated from sweet orange peel.
Citrus × sinensis
Nutraceutical
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Citrus × sinensis
Anastrepha
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Oleocellosis, a physiological rind disorder of citrus fruit, is an unattractive surface blemish caused by phytotoxic effects of released rind oils. The development of oleocellosis in Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) was examined by following a time sequence of surface symptoms and microscopic rind changes. The two natural causes of oleocellosis were simulated: mechanical damage to the fruit and transfer of rind oil between fruit. Mechanical fruit injury resulted in rupture of the epidermis above oil glands. Released surface oil appeared to infiltrate the rind via the ruptured epidermis resulting in rapid degeneration of cortical, but not epidermal, cell contents. Oil application to the rind surface produced a more severe blemish than did mechanical damage. The oil appeared to diffuse through the cuticle causing degeneration of the contents of all cell layers, including the epidermis. Loss of membrane integrity was detected within 30 min, followed by cell content degeneration and cell collapse. The resulting blemish, characterized by rind collapse and darkening, developed substantially within 3 d and was attributed to the cellular damage.
Citrus × sinensis
Navel orange
Epidermis (zoology)
Cuticle (hair)
Membrane integrity
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Citrus × sinensis
Navel orange
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Navel orange
Citrus × sinensis
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Citrus × sinensis
Navel orange
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Microbudding technique was used for the early propagation of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] cv. Musambi plants, free of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) using thermotherapy. Source plants of sweet orange, both infected and apparently healthy, were collected from the orchards at Sahiwal and Faisalabad and analyzed along with microbudded plants through ELISA. Budwood of 3 mm and 4 mm in size was microbudded at two different heights (15 cm and 23 cm). Maximum (50%) success of microbudding was obtained, when budwood of 4mm was microbudded at the height of 23 cm. It would suggest that microbudding could efficiently be used for the early propagation of CTV free Musambi plants.
Citrus × sinensis
Citrus tristeza virus
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Citrus × sinensis
Navel orange
Pera
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