Viridans streptococcal bacteremia after esophageal stricture dilation
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Keywords:
Bacteremia
Infective Endocarditis
Dilation (metric space)
valvular heart disease
Esophageal stricture
Viridans streptococci
Esophageal stricture
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The first chapter introduces the primary morphological operations on binary images, erosion and dilation. Erosion represents the probing of an image to see where some primitive shape fits inside the image, and all of mathematical morphology depends on this notion. Dilation is the dual operation to erosion, and is defined in terms of it relative to image complementation. Also discussed are the basic properties of dilation and erosion.
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Abstract Background Ingestion of corrosive agents remains an important public health problem. Early endoscopic examination of post-corrosive esophageal injuries has an important role in management of the patient. Publications document the risk of developing esophageal stricture as a sequential complication of esophageal injury grades 2b and 3a. Although there are studies describing the risk factors of post-corrosive stricture, there is limited literature on these factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the different factors with post-corrosive esophageal stricture and non-stricture groups in endoscopic grades 2b and 3a of corrosive esophageal injuries. Methods Data were retrospectively analyzed in the patients with esophageal injury grades 2b and 3a between January 2011 and December 2017. Results 196 corrosive ingestion patients were admitted with 32 patients (15.8%) in grade 2b and 12 patients (6.1%) in grade 3a and stricture was developed in 19 patients (61.3%) with grade 2b and in 10 patients (83.3%) with grade 3a. Substances of alkaline reaction were predominant in stricture patients (68.4% in 2b Stricture group, 60% in 3a Stricture group). The patients’ height of non-stricture group was greater than that of stricture groups (2b Stricture group, 1.58 ± 0.08 m, 2b Non-stricture group, 1.66 ± 0.07 m, P < 0.004; 3a Stricture group, 1.52 ± 0.09 m, 3a Non-stricture group, 1.71 ± 0.02 m, P < 0.001). Omeprazole was more commonly used in non-stricture than stricture group (26.3% in 2b Stricture group, 69.2% in 2b Non-stricture group, P = 0.017; 50% in 3a Stricture group, 100% in 3a Non-stricture group, 1.71 ± 0.02 m, P = 0.015). Conclusion In this study, the corrosive esophageal injuries grades 2b and 3a are important groups of patients who are at risk of developing post-corrosive esophageal stricture. Alkaline substances play the major role in stricture sequelae. The height of patients and the prescription of omeprazole may help to minimize the risks of post-corrosive esophageal stricture. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Esophageal stricture
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Esophageal tumors are common in our country,endoscopic treatment of esophageal tumors has been applied to clinic. With the development of endoscopic tools and technologies,endoscopic submucosal dissection( ESD) as a novel technology has been adopted to removal the esophageal tumors. Stricture formation is one of the major complications after ESD. The mechanisms and treatments of esophageal stricture have been studied by lots of researchers,but the exact mechanisms need to be explained farther. The mechanisms and treatments of esophageal stricture were reviewed in this article.
Esophageal stricture
Endoscopic submucosal dissection
Esophageal stenosis
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Bougies and balloons are two instruments commonly used for endoscopic dilation of benign strictures in the upper gastrointestinal tract, with similar efficacy [1]. However, these invasive strategies do not allow visual control of the operation during dilation of the stricture, and bleeding caused by the treatment itself prevents proper examination of the esophageal mucosa after the procedure. The BougieCap (Ovesco, Tübingen, Germany) is a recently developed dilation device that allows successful and safe endoscopic treatment of benign strictures [2].
Dilation (metric space)
Esophageal stricture
Esophageal stenosis
Endoscopic treatment
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Esophageal stricture
Esophageal stent
Endoscopic submucosal dissection
Endoscopic mucosal resection
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Objective To analyse retrospectively the causes and characterisics of esophageal stricture following esophageal variceal sclerotherapy in order to optimize the endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices.Methods 1547 patients with esophageal varice were treated by sclerotherapy in the recent seven years,32 of whom were found to have esophageal stricture.Another 30 patients without stricture were used as controls to analyze the clinical characteristics,especially etiology,stricture location,stricture degree,sclerosis times and points,sclerosis doses,and treatment results.Statistical factor analysis was used to identify stricture-related factors.Results The main causes of portal hypertension in stricture group were HBV cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis(AIH),like those without stricture.Stricture was mostly located in the lower part of esophagus.The distance from the stricture to the incisors was(37.31±2.15)cm;the average treatment times were(4.68±1.68)and the total sclerosis dose was(105±41.32)ml.Statistical factor analysis indicated that esophageal stricture was correlated with the total sclerosis dose and treatment times rather than with age,gender and sclerosis points.Conclusions A sound knowledge of the dose,location and frequency of sclerotherapy is significant to preventing the occurrence of esophageal stricture.
Esophageal stricture
Etiology
Esophageal dilatation
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Summary We made a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and complication rate of 268 esophageal dilatation procedures performed under fluoroscopic control using the fiber‐optic endoscope in 45 children with esophageal stricture. Antegrade and retrograde stricture dilatation was performed under general anesthetic, mainly as an outpatient procedure. Thirty‐six children had an esophageal stricture following tracheoesophageal fistula and/or esophageal atresia repair, and nine children had severe corrosive stricture of the esophagus following lye ingestion. The procedure was well tolerated and effective.
Esophageal stricture
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Esophageal dilatation
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Esophageal stricture
Endoscopic submucosal dissection
Endoscopic mucosal resection
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In this letter, we adapt the dilation operator from mathematical morphology to propose dilation distances. These dilation distances are then used for band selection in hyperspectral images. It is shown that dilation distances between bands can capture the spatial distance between the objects. Hence, using dilation-based distances would select those bands which identify spatially separated objects. This is illustrated using both toy and real data sets. Furthermore, we compare the proposed approach with existing methods and show empirically that dilation-distance-based band selection provided competitive results outperforming several methods.
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