Outcome of an Exercise and Educational Intervention for Children Who Are Overweight
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of an education- and exercise-based intervention for children who are overweight.Forty-one children with a mean age of 10.5 years participated in the study. The eight-week intervention, scheduled twice weekly, included education and exercise components. Outcome measures included body mass index (BMI), waist and hip girth, blood pressure (BP), resting heart rate (RHR), immediate postexercise heart rate (HRfinish), five-minute recovery heart rate (5minHR), and distance walked in six minutes. Using a repeated-measures design, data were collected twice prior to intervention to determine baseline and once upon completion of the intervention.No significant difference existed between pretest I and II measures for each dependent variable, indicating a stable baseline. An intervention effect was established as evidenced by significant improvement in BMI, waist and hip girth, BP, RHR, HRfinish, and 5minHR at posttest.Children who are overweight and participate in an eight week exercise and educational program demonstrate improved morphology and physical conditioning.Keywords:
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Purpose: Obesity and overweight are associated with variety of conditions detrimental to health, wellbeing and longevity. Waist circumference and waist to hip ratio are indicators of risk of central adiposity while body mass index is an indicator of overall risk of obesity. Body mass index has been traditionally used as a standard for determining overweight and obesity. This study was designed to determine the relationship between waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index among female undergraduates of a Nigerian University. Also prevalence of obesity based on waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index was explored. Methods: Three hundred and sixty four apparently healthy subjects were recruited for the study using a cross-sectional simple random sampling technique. Waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index were determined using standard methods. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the physical characteristics of the participants. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between waist circumference, waist to hip and body mass index. Results: The mean age, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and body mass index of the participants were 22.5 (±2.20) years, 79.36 (±10.4) cm, 0.81 (±0.06), and 22.48 (±4.50) kg/m2 respectively. The prevalence of obesity based on body mass index, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio was found to be 6.3%, 17.6% and 25.5% respectively. Significant relationship was found between waist circumference and body mass index (r = 0.81; p< 0.001), and between waist to hip ratio and body mass index (r = 0.25; p< 0.001). Conclusions: Body mass index was related to waist circumference, as well as to waist to hip ratio. The prevalence of obesity based on waist to hip ratio was highest among female undergraduates in a Nigerian university. Awareness on the importance of waist to hip ratio as indicator of risk of obesity should be created among female undergraduates in Nigerian Universities and by extension among the women population in general.
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Overweight and obesity as well as associated metabolic disorders belong to the most important risk factors. During the exhibition 'Heureka' in Zurich data on body weight and size as well as on other clinical and biochemical parameters were collected by a questionnaire. Age- and gender-specific prevalence rates were calculated. Between 10 and 41% of the visitors showed a body-mass index of > or = 25 kg/m2, as a function of age and gender -0.7 to 6.2% showed a body-mass index of > or = 30 kg/m2. The most important increase in body weight was found in the age groups between 20 and 40 years. The presented epidemiologic data show that overweight is common in Switzerland, too. Prevention of overweight is still one of the most rational medical strategies and should be intensified in the age group between 20 and 40.
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The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between age and obesity, to assess waist circumference and obesity. This type of quantitative research uses a cross-sectional design. The sample is 161 respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire and measuring body mass index. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis. The results showed that there were 144 respondents (89.4%) in the 18 - 25 year age category, 13 respondents (8.1%) for Body Mass Index for the first obesity category, 12 respondents (7.5%) for obesity II. There is a relationship between age and waist circumference with a p-value of 0.0001, there is a relationship between age and body mass index with a p-value of 0.0001. There is a relationship between age and body weight with a p-value of 0.001. Age is a risk factor for waist circumference, BMI, weight and hearing. As you get older, your waist circumference increases, your BMI increases, your weight increases and your age decreases your hearing ability. An obesity risk factor is age
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Objective: This study was carried out on different populations of genetic and physical conditions to confer the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and the body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC).And on this basis,this study observes the impact of the changes of FTO gene polymorphism of people with different levels of physical activity on the body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC),so as to understand the interaction of genetic and environmental effects on physical condition,and provide theoretical guidance of developing physical health research.Method: The FTO variant rs1121980 was genotyped in 20,774 participants(39~79 y of age) from the Han population in Northern China,an ethnically homogeneous population based cohort physical activity(PA) was assessed with a validated self reported questionnaire.The interaction between rs1121980 and PA on body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC) was examined by including the interaction term in mixed effect models.Result: It confirmed that the risk(T) allele of rs1121980 was significantly associated with BMI and WC.The PA level attenuated the effect of rs1121980 on body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC);Conclusion: the results showed that PA attenuates the effect of the FTO rs1121980 genotype on body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference(WC).This observation has important public health implications because it shown that a genetic susceptibility to obesity induced by FTO variation can be overcome,at least to some extent,by adopting a physically active lifestyle.
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This article outlines the clinical values and limitations of body mass index and waist circumference for nutritional assessment among obese individuals and emphasizes the importance of combining these two parameters for diagnosis of obesity.
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Objective:This study was carried out on groups of different physical condition,exploring the relationship between changes of gene polymorphism and BMI(body mass index)and WC(waist circumference).And on the basis it explores the effect of different levels of physical activity on BMI and the crowd WC.Method:The Han population in northern China in the subjects(age 39~79 years) were assessed for physical activity(PA),and the subjects(subjects are from the same ethnic group)height,weight,waist circumference and other indices were measured.Effects of physical activity on body mass index and waist circumference(WC) were analyzed.Conclusion:The physical activity significantly reduced the effects on BMI and WC.The effect of BMI and WC of the inactive group is greater than the active group.The findings have great in promoting significance public health,which shows that the increase in body mass index and waist circumference can be controlled lifestyle physical activity.
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Abstract Body mass index (BMI) is typically used to define overweight and obesity. However, without waist circumference information, BMI may misclassify as overweight or obese. Therefore, we proposed a new index based on BMI. We developed a New Body Mass Index (NBMI) by adding waist circumference (WC) to BMI, which combined BMI and WC. That is, it also combined weight-for-height and waist-to-height ratios. The formula is: NBMI = BMI × WC (m) = WT (kg) / HT (m 2 ) × WC (m) = WT (kg) / HT (m) × WC (m) / HT (m) = weight-for-height × waist-to-height. Firstly, individuals with the same height and weight have the same BMI, but their waist circumferences could vary considerably, and NBMI could distinguish body differences among people's waist sizes. Secondly, NBMI could better identify central obesity than BMI. Thirdly, NBMI could not only measure body mass but also classify health and obesity degrees according to a wide range of scores. Firstly, NBMI incorporating WC could better reflect the body difference in waist size than BMI. Secondly, NBMI is more convenient for identifying central obesity. Thirdly, NBMI could better classify different weight types by expanding the score range.
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Introduction: Health-related quality of life studies performed only based on body mass index does not provide clear results, especially in overweight individuals. The evaluation of body mass index and waist circumference measurements together can offer better insights in this area. Methods: The SF-36 Quality of Life Scale was applied to 398 women aged 18 years and over. The participants were grouped according to body mass index, and the overweight individuals were further divided into groups based on waist circumference measurements. To compare each sub-scale, the Kruskal-Wallis 1 - way ANOVA statistics were used. Results: From the normal weight to class III obesity, the scores in all physical and mental subscales tended to decline, except in the overweight group. Compared to the individuals with normal weight, the overweight participants’ scores in the mental subscales were increased but this was not statistically significant, unlike the other findings. We examined the overweight group separately according to the waist circumference measurements and detected statistically significant differences between the risk groups. The mental scores were significantly decreased in the high-risk group compared to the normal risk group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The effect of obesity on quality of life can be complex if evaluated only by body mass index, and therefore studies evaluating waist circumference measurements together with body mass index can provide clearer results in this area.
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