Symmetric and asymmetric fission of 226Ra induced by 5 to 15 MeV neutrons
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The properties of “scission” neutrons from thermal-neutron induced fission of 239Pu(nth,f) and spontaneous fission of 252Cf(sf) were obtained by comparing experimental angular and energy distributions of the prompt fission neutrons measured recently at PNPI with model distributions calculated under the assumption that all prompt fission neutrons are emitted from fully accelerated fragments.
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Relative spontaneous fission yields from uranium and thorium have been determined by extracting xenon krypton from geologically old uranium and thorium minerals and measuring the isotopic abundances of these gases in a mass spectrometer. Arguments are presented for believing that the anomalous isotopic abundances observed are caused by spontaneous fission rather than by some other fission process. The spontaneous fission yield curve peaks were found to be much sharper than those associated with other fission processes. Evidence was found for fine structure in the fission yield curve at mass 132, possibly connected with preferential formation of spontaneous fission fragments containing 50 protons and 82 neutrons. Evidence for neutron induced fission in pitchblende was found.
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The relationship between spontaneous fission and alpha decay is discussed. A graph of the spontaneous fission half life against the alpha decay half life for a number of heavy nuclei reveals that for a definite range of spontaneous fission probabilities there corresponds a definite range of values for alpha decay. It is shown that the value of the ratio of the spontaneous fission half life to the alpha decay half life in nuclei with the same number of neutrons is a constant. It is also shown that, just as in alpha decay, where an increase of the atomic number of two units in nuclei with the same neutron number tends to reduce the half life, on the average by four orders of magnitude, an increase in the proton number in the nucleus of two or four units leads to a reduction in the spontsaneous fission half life by approximately four or eight orders of magnitude. 15 references. (J.S.R.)
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