Energy Perspective of Climate Change: The Case of Bangladesh
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Previous efforts on modeling energy, the environment, and climate change perspectives are critically examined, and the structure of energy and an environment system model is described. Focus is on sustainable development using Bangladesh as an illustrative example. The model projects energy supply and demand and its contribution to global warming. Simulated results show that the demand for electric energy is increasing, and there is a shortage of electric power. Electricity generation capacity can increase by either transition to nuclear or renewable energy resources or both. However, generation capacity needs to be increased for sustainable development, with gradual transition to renewable energy resources. Mini-grids are advocated for supply of energy, information and communication for rural development and economic growth in isolated areas such as islands. Bangladesh is responsible for a small fraction of the total anthropogenic contribution of CO2 but could be seriously affected by climatic change. Energy security aspects are also addressed. Regional economic cooperation and sustainable peaceful resolution of long-standing disputes may help the regional entities to enhance their individual and collective energy security.Keywords:
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ABSTRACT With high economic growth, Vietnam is now witnessing an increasing energy demand, having much potential for renewable sources such as wind energy, solar energy or biomass energy. The nation is heavily dependent on fossil energy sources such as coal and oil. This situation raises concerns about both energy security and the environment. Therefore, a question arises if Vietnam can develop renewable energy to solve energy demand, energy security and reduce climate change impacts as committed. This article analyses a considerable potential for renewable energy sources (especially wind and solar energy). The analysis also indicates competitiveness between these renewable energy sources compared to the traditional energy sources that Vietnam is dependent on, especially when there are policies to encourage the development of renewable energy and limit emissions. This article proposes some recommendations to develop renewable energy sources, with an overview of replacing fossil energy in Vietnam.
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Many Governments and law makers have not yet been persuaded on the direction of mainstreaming renewable energy generation in the overall energy policy development processes in the world. Renewable energy-based green power policy is still considered to be an expensive path for development, and so even after several boom-bust cycles of the world economy, policy makers remain hesitant to take a target based approach to increase green energy supply in the total energy mix. There are several other cases in and around Asia where in spite of having excellent potential and a good enabling environment, renewable energy is still heavily underproduced. It seems that politicians and lawmakers are yet to be persuaded about the use of renewable energy to address the issues of energy security especially in the case of energy price fluctuation. It has been estimated that out of 2700 Twh total theoretical potential of renewable energy in Asia, only around 6% has been harnessed (Romero et al 2008). In fact, technical and financial constraints can limit the commercially available renewable energy by around a half of the total theoretical potential. While it is true that many governments are now proactively promoting renewable energy in the face of imminent price hikes for fossil fuels due to increasing demand, there are several countries which have not yet taken actions to add more renewable energy into the supply mix and which are still focusing on a future energy supply based on fossil fuel. As a matter of fact, the new concept of Green New Deal, a green economy policy initiative which also includes renewable energy, might also be very short lived indeed as it primarily depends on the individual country’s plan of future development and growth. Anindya Bhattacharya Policy Researcher IGES Economy and Environment Group bhattacharya@iges.or.jp Author:
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Currently, most of the energy is supplied by burning fossil fuels such as oil, coal or gas. While there are clear benefits to the use of these sources, there are disadvantages: they are finite, they are unevenly distributed causing geopolitical tensions, contribute to climate change, and cause air pollution. One way to solve these problems is the use of renewable energy. Renewable energy sources are generally available everywhere, cause less air pollution, emit no or fewer greenhouse gas emissions, and improve the security of energy supply. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to a better description of renewable energy in long-term energy and climate scenarios. Specifically, we focus on three main themes: 1) the potential of renewable energy, 2) the application and 3) the influence of climate change. First the global potential of offshore wind energy, rooftop solar energy, and hydropower is calculated. These potentials are then used to explore long-term future scenarios. And, finally, climate impacts on the renewable energy supply are researched. An important finding of this thesis is, for example, that there is more hydropower potential than previously assumed. Although hydropower is the oldest renewable energy source, it was not yet known how much is available worldwide. Other findings concern the significant contribution of households and the impact of climate change on renewable energy supply that have not been investigated at this detail level before.
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The world is entering a new energy era marked by concerns over energy security, climate change, and access by the poor to modern energy services. Yet the current energy path is not compatible with sustainable development objectives. Global demand for energy will continue to grow; so will CO 2 emissions. Achieving a low-carbon energy world will require an unprecedented technological transformation in the way energy is produced and used. That transformation has begun, as renewables capacity continues to grow, prices continue to fall, and shares of global energy from renewables continue to increase. Government policies are the main driver behind renewable energy's meteoric growth. Still, the world is tapping only a small amount of the vast supply of renewable energy resources. There is broad consensus that the role of these resources should be expanded significantly in order to meaningfully address energy security, energy access, and climate change.
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This article presents a comparative analysis of energy governance with respect to renewable energy sources in Ecuador. The use of renewable energy sources increases energy security and enables countries to achieve their climate mitigation goals. Ecuador’s energy mix is dominated using fossil fuels and produces only 7.8% of its energy supply from renewable energy. The scenario analysis suggests that using the example of international renewable energy policies will achieve sustainable energy development in Ecuador. Relying less on fossil fuels and decentralizing the electricity sector from the use of thermoelectric plants is the great challenge for the country. Using the enormous water potential that Ecuador has and taking advantage of the sources of solar, biomass and wind energy available in the country will reduce the forecast of 60,233.70 KT CO2 by 2030 that would be reached if current consumption conditions and energy mix are maintained, while designing a long-term energy planning with a greater participation of renewable energies would forecast a CO2 emission of 41,232.30 KT, that is, a reduction of 31.5% in emissions.
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Abstract At a global level, it is essential that the world transfers from fossil fuels to renewable energy resources to minimize the implications of climate change, which has been clearly demonstrated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007a). At a national level, for most countries, the transition to renewable energy will improve energy security of supply, create new jobs, enhance trade, and consequently grow the national economy. However, even with such promising consequences, renewable energy only provided approximately 13% of the world's energy in 2007 (International Energy Agency, 2009a). Therefore, identifying how to utilize more renewable energy is one of the most pressing challenges facing many countries at present. Owing to the ever‐growing complexity of modern energy systems, energy‐system‐analysis tools are often used to analyze the potential of renewable energy in future energy systems. As renewable energy becomes more prominent, more energy‐system‐analysis tools are being created. The key element in this transfer is often to show coherent technical analyses of how renewable energy can be implemented, and what effects renewable energy has on other parts of the energy system. However, when beginning an investigation into the potential of renewable energy, it is difficult to identify which energy‐system‐analysis tool is the most suitable one for the investigation. As a result, a selection of energy tools will be presented here to illustrate the type modeling that is possible for renewable energy systems and also to illustrate the variety of energy tools that exist. For example, some tools focus on local community energy projects, whereas others consider national energy systems; some tools consider the annual amount of energy being consumed, whereas others focus on the hourly operation of the system. The variety of tools available has led to the conclusion that the optimum tool for a study is very dependent on the initial objectives that have been set. This article (i) gives an overview/review of a number of different energy tools and models and (ii) provides a deeper description of one of these tools ( EnergyPLAN ) along with the methodology followed with it. EnergyPLAN has been used to establish how intermittent renewable energy, primarily in the form of wind power, can be accommodated in Denmark while reliably operating the electric grid. In addition, various case studies are presented on individual technologies and complete energy system strategies, which outline how it is possible to reach a 100% renewable energy system in the coming decades.
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Growing energy demand, rising greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of fossil fuels necessitates the development of renewable energy sources. In order to improve renewable energy utilization, it is necessary to determine the most important factors influencing energy strategy. The energy system of Iran is highly dependent on fossil fuels; however, Iran has a high potential for solar energy development and several policies are being pursued by the government to develop power generation by renewable energy resources. This study presents and discusses several important parameters of energy policy and security which make the installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems crucial for the future. Installation of solar PV will improve energy security, foster job creation and reduce environmental problems. It also introduces and investigates those institutions and organizations involved in developing renewable energies, especially solar energy. These include the Ministry of Energy and universities, both of which play key roles in the development of solar energy.
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