Extraction of Free Amino Acids from Soil
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Abstract Alternatives to extraction with ethanol were examined in order to obtain more effective removal of free amino acids from soil. Ba(OH) 2 was a promising extractant and proved to be very effective in recovering a mixture of 17 amino acids that had been added to soil. Resolution of the extract by elution chromatography was followed by colorimetric analysis; 73 to 121% of the acidic and neutral components of the mixture and 36 to 41% of the basic amino acids were recovered. A second extraction procedure, based on the use of NH 4 OAc, was developed to avoid any slight hydrolysis of amino acid polymers that may have occurred during preparation of Ba(OH) 2 extracts. The NH 4 OAc extraction procedure was 31 to 83% effective in the recovery of added amino acids from soil. When both extraction techniques were applied in preliminary trials to characterize the free amino acids fraction of a soil, the NH 4 OAc extraction was considered the better. Both NH 4 OAc and Ba(OH) 2 extractions yielded many more kinds of free amino acids in concentrations 5 to 25 times greater than that reported earlier in comparable studies using ethanol extraction.Keywords:
Fraction (chemistry)
D-Glucose
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Objective:The anti-inflammatory effect of different elution compounds in Cortex Dictamni were ex-plored. Methods:95% ethanol extract of Cortex Dictamni was isolated by macroporous resin column chromatog-raphy (Water,20% ethanol,50% ethanol,70% ethanol,95% ethanol as solvent,respectively). Theanti-inflammatory active constituents of Cortex Dictamni were selected with indome-thacin as a positive control drug by xylene-induced mouse ears edema model. Results:Water-eluted materials,20% ethanol eluted materials,50% ethanol eluted materials,70% ethanol eluted materials did not have anti-inflammatory activity but 95% ethanol eluted materials. Compared with saline,there was a significant differentce(P 0. 05). However,there was no difference with indome-thacin. Conclusion:95% ethanol eluted materials in Cortex Dictamni had anti -inflammatory effect.
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Abstract The acid hydrolysis effects of polystyrenesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid have been determined for the inversion of sucrose. “Equivalent” acid concentrations which have been determined may be applied to the heterogeneous hydrolysis of cellulosic material. Observed differences in the rate of hydrolysis can be attributed to the diffusion effects of the high polymer acid over that of the low molecular weight acid.
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Trifluoroacetic acid
Degradation
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Monosaccharide
Uronic acid
Glycosidic bond
Trifluoroacetic acid
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Abstract The determination of starch in potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L) by enzymic hydrolysis with amyloglucosidase (Hudson et al 1976), compared with the acid hydrolysis procedure suggested here, has several disadvantages. The extraction and hydrolysis stage is slower (21 h cf 5 h per batch of 30), activity of the enzyme may vary, reagents are more expensive, and complete hydrolysis is more difficult. Its main advantage is that it is more specific, not hydrolysing the non‐cellulosic polysaccharides of the cell walls. This communication examines whether an acid hydrolysis method is an acceptable, even preferable, method for determining starch in freeze dried potato samples. Effects of drying, hydrolysis and associated errors are quantified.
Solanum tuberosum
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Cellulosic ethanol
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Sapogenin
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An apparatus is described for continually stepwise hydrolysis of polysaccharides. The oligosaccharides formed are separated by dialysis and collected on a charcoal-celite column. They are thus protected from further degradation and, at the same time, separated from monosaccharides formed. The period of each hydrolysis step, the length and temperature of dialysis, and the temperature of hydrolysis can all be independantly varied. Moreover, any acid can be used, mineral acids or substituted soluble resins. As examples the results obtained with dextran and some bacterial polysaccharides are discussed.
Monosaccharide
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Objective and methods:Using chemistry method preparation icariin aglycone.by means of orthogonal test the optinal reaction conditions of the acid hydrolysis of icariin glycoside.Results and Conclusion:the results indecated that acid concentration of sulfuric acid had the greatest influence on the aglycone yield of hydrolysis.Followed in order by hydrolysis temperature and hydrolysis time and that concentration of sulfuric acid,5 mol/L;temperature,90℃;time,72 h were the optimal conditions of the acid hydrolysis,under which the glycoside hydrolysis by mixed acid reached were 80%.
Aglycone
Icariin
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