Culicoides responses to 1‐octen‐3‐ol and carbon dioxide in salt marshes near Sea Island, Georgia, U.S.A.
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Abstract. The semiochemicals carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and l‐octen‐3‐ol (octenol) were evaluated as attractants at several release rates, alone and in combination, for the major coastal species of biting midges in Georgia: Culicoides furens, C.hollensis and C.melleus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). The data show that CO 2 is an effective attractant for the females of all three species, but each has a different response pattern. In contrast, octenol was an effective attractant only for C.furens , either alone or in combination with CO 2 ; octenol had a repellent effect on the other two species. The combination of octenol and C0 2 had a synergistic effect on the collections of C.furens.Keywords:
Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
Salt marsh
Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
African horse sickness
Orbivirus
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Culicoides
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Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) were collected on sheep farms in southern Ontario to establish whether Culicoides spp. pose a threat to the livestock industry. Specimens were collected in modified CO2-baited Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps, returned to the laboratory, freeze-killed, and identified to species under a microscope. In addition to Culicoides variipennis (Coquillet), we found that Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones occurred on a number of farms over a 2-yr period. These records represent a significant departure from C. sonorensis' previously known geographical distribution. We present spatial and temporal distribution data for both species, with an emphasis on C. sonorensis. DNA sequence information is presented so that researchers lacking the necessary taxonomic skills can determine whether C. sonorensis is present in their collections. To differentiate C. sonorensis from C. variipennis, taxonomically reliable and informative traits were found in EF1α and, to a lesser extent, in ITS1, whereas the universal barcode region of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) was unsuitable.
Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
Orbivirus
DNA Barcoding
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For the first time in Brazil it was investigated the occurrence of IgM anti-PGL-1 in the sera of household contacts of leprozy patients using the ELISA methodology. The sera of the multipatients. It was observed a high subclinical infection incidence among household contacts (19.4%). The percentage of leprosy development was 5% (1/21) among the seropositive contact group. This finding suggests that serology could be useful as prognostic test, but for better definition is necessary to tet a population from endemic area for long period time.
Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
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Culicoides
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Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
Blood sucking
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Biting midges of the genus Culicoides act as vectors for important diseases affecting humans and both wild and domestic animals. Collection of adult Culicoides specimens in the near vicinity of vertebrate hosts is the major part of any bluetongue surveillance plan. There are old records of Culicoides species dated from 1963, 1968 and 1975. Therefore, it was decided to collect different ceratopogonids members using a light trap.One night catching using light traps with a suction fan was performed at representative sites (25 places) located in North Western Provinces (Ardebil, Eastern Azerbaijan, Western Azerbaijan and Zanjan) of Iran (suspected farms for clinical records of Bluetongue virus or serodiagnosis of the Bluetongue virus). Samples were detected and identified primarily and were sent to a reference center for final verification.Seven Culicoides species including (Culicoides circumscriptus, C. flavidus, C. longipennis, C. pulicaris, C. puncatatus, C. nubeculosus, and three species from Culicoides (Oecacta) are under study in reference laboratory in Poland and C. puncticollis were confirmed from Iran.Morphological and explanation of each species was regarded in this study. In comparison to old record, there are four new records of Culicoides species from Iran and one species is regarded suspected for viral transmission.
Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
Orbivirus
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Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
African horse sickness
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Culicoides is a genus of biting midges in the family Ceratopogonidae, representing a big threat, giving that several species serve as biological vectors of pathogens of veterinary importance. BTV distribution and persistence is thought to be almost entirely dependent upon the presence or absence of Culicoides adults vector. In this study, biting midges were collected during 2015-2016, once a week, from April to December. In the first year, 2617 BTV vector specimens were collected and identified as Culicoides obsoletus (41.2%; 95% CI: 39-43), Culicoides pulicaris (58%; 95% CI: 56-59) and Culicoides nubeculosus (0.8%; 95% CI: 0.4-1.1). In the second year, 165 BTV vector specimens were collected and identified as Culicoides obsoletus (44.25%; 95% CI: 36-51), Culicoides pulicaris (50.3%; 95% CI: 42-57), Culicoides dewulfi (4.84%; 95% CI: 1.5-8.1) and Culicoides nubeculosus (0.61%; 95% CI: 0.5-1.7). Culicoides pulicaris and Culicoides obsoletus complex were especially abundant within the two collection sites in Iași County. Our data on post-epidemic occurrence and composition of BTV vector species in the studied area will facilitate a better understanding of Culicoides vectors distribution and the possible role in bluetongue virus overwintering.
Ceratopogonidae
Culicoides
Entomology
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Six horses severely affected by a seasonal dermatitis similar in both histopathology and epidemiology to Culicoides hypersensitivity (CH) and six unaffected or normal horses were inoculated intradermally with an extract of Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen), the most common Culicoides in southwestern British Columbia. Affected horses developed large welts within 20 min after injection, representing an immediate (type I) reaction; welts were largest 24 h or more after challenge, indicating in addition a delayed (type IV) reaction. This reaction was discernible for >3 wk in some of the affected horses. Normal horses developed small welts which peaked 2–4 h after challenge. Affected horses were irritated by the injections and developed characteristically ridged skin at the injection sites, similar to that seen in natural lesions, whereas the normal horses showed neither discomfort nor clinical signs. C. obsoletus is one of the most numerous Culicoides species biting horses, feeds on parts of the body where lesions are found, and is, we believe, responsible for dermatitis in the Pacific Northwest. The skin test was repeated 2 yr later in three of the affected horses. In two, the reactions were similar to those in the first test, but in the third horse, the reaction was greatly reduced after the second test. This paralleled a decrease in the severity of its natural clinical signs. Thus, a skin test may be useful in the diagnosis of Culicoides hypersensitivity.
Culicoides
Ceratopogonidae
Biting
Skin test
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