A study of pulsed high flux Ti, Mo, V and Y ion implantation for surface modification of resistances in wear, corrosion and oxidation
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In this paper, the corrosion test of high-Cr-Ni tubes was carried out in a biomass incinerator by replacing the original heated surface tube with a test tube. The investigated materials are high-Cr-Ni stainless steels (TP347H, SP2215, and Sanicro25) and alloy (HT700T). Long-term services (>4000 h) to investigate the corrosion rates and corrosion characteristics of the materials have been carried out. The appearance, element content, and composition of corrosion products after corrosion of the specimens were analyzed. Analysis indicates that the deposits are mainly composed of alkali metal salts, iron oxides, iron sulfates, and complex salts. Moreover, the corrosion morphology of the materials with different Cr-Ni contents varies greatly. TP347H has a high corrosion rate (0.11 mm/1000 h) with intergranular corrosion cracks and pitting on the windward side. However, the corrosion pattern of HT700T is comprehensive corrosion and the corrosion rate is low (0.015 mm/1000 h). Using corrosion rate as a criterion for corrosion resistance, HT700T has the highest corrosion resistance, while TP347H has the lowest. The corrosion behavior is also related to the corrosion resistance index (CI) value based on the content of critical elements. The order of material corrosion resistance predicted by the CI value is the same as reflected by the corrosion rate.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Corrosion – Chemical Properties Corrosion Caused by Atmosphere Corrosion through Water Corrosion in Soils Corrosion Resistance to Concrete Corrosion in Agricultural Facilities and Caused by Agricultural Products Corrosion through Nonaqueous Media Corrosion Protection Measures at Defective Spots Examination of Corrosion Resistance and Quality Test References
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Iron alloys mainly steels are used widespread for long period
of time. According to thermodynamics these are prone to
corrosion. Corrosion behaviour is described as dependant on
alloy composition and corrosion environment. It is supposed the
most important is the composition which implies where the alloy
will resist and the corrosion environment which implies what
corrosion products are formed. However this simplification may
not be utterly true. The capability to resist corrosion depends
on material composition for sure. But the phase composition of
corrosion products is dependant mainly on corrosion processes,
not only the corrosion environment in general. Similar or
nearly identical corrosion products were obtained by corrosion
in different environments, corrosion in soils and corrosion in
outdoor atmosphere. Under both conditions layered structures
formed of Lepidocrocite, Maghemite and Goethite has been
formed. This is in agreement with the theoretical corrosion
process description but is not with the simplified corrosion
models. This does not mean automatically the simplified models
are completely wrong; it does mean however these simplified
models need revision. The general environment description is
not sufficient to describe what is going on in the environment.
Lepidocrocite
Maghemite
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Phosphoric acid
High-Temperature Corrosion
Anaerobic corrosion
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To understand salt spray corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism,the resistance of salt sprays corrosion for a Fe-based alloy1Cr12Ni3MoVN used in ship had been systemic studied in the paper. The surface of samples corroded for different times and corrosion products and corrosion weight loss and corrosion ratio had been analyzed; the result showed: after corrosion400 hours,the surface of samples is still right; the main component of corrosion product was Fe oxides; the corrosion of1Cr12Ni3MoVN started form the corrosion pits, and then extended; while the corrosion extent of samples tended to be same,new corrosion pits appeared,corrosion continued; In the first100 hours,the corrosion rate changed greatly.
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Simulation of iron alloy corrosion is widespread used to
predict corrosion resistance. The simulation using corrosion
chambers or climatic chambers provides reasonable information
on corrosion resistance, the corrosion rate however must be
compared to real exposition as the corrosion in simulated
environment is accelerated compared to real situation. However
the composition of corrosion products and its structure is
different question. The corrosion products composition is
dependent on corrosion process. The phases present are most
likely the same; most voluminous hydrated oxides and
oxy-hydroxides on the outside where the less voluminous oxides
are present in the lower layers. However this macroscopic phase
structure may not fully describe the layered structure of
corrosion products, thickness of corrosion products or
mechanical properties. In the vicinity of crack in corrosion
products the structure is more likely to be similar to the
structure near the surface.
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CO2 corrosion is one of the major problems in the oil and gas industry specifically the effect it gives to the integrity of onshore and offshore equipment. Therefore, several methods have been developed to prevent this type of corrosion and this particular work will be focusing on the application of corrosion inhibitors on the operation of pipelines which exposed to high concentrations of carbon dioxide. However, corrosion inhibitor is usually injected when corrosion already occur on the pipelines and it is believed that the pre-corrosion condition will affect the performance of inhibitors. Thus, the objective of this project is to measure the performance of inhibitors on the pre-corroded carbon steel. Additionally, this project also will find out the effect on environment specifically the pH value to the performance of corrosion inhibitors. So, several test studies have been developed to achieve the targeted objective and all experiments were conducted by using Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR), Electron Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Custom Sweep techniques. Additionally, the amount of injected corrosion inhibitors were increased to 100ppm to know the effect in reducing the corrosion rate. The result from this research indicated the 25ppm corrosion inhibitors managed to reduce the corrosion rate at the first five hours after the injection. However, the corrosion rate increased back since the amount is not enough to provide full protection for 48 hours period of time. In contrast, 100ppm of corrosion inhibitors resulted in efficient corrosion rate reduction which implied that the amount of injected CI affect the corrosion rate very much.
Carbon steel
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Pitting Corrosion
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To understand salt spray corrosion behavior and corrosion mechanism,the resistance of salt sprays corrosion for a Fe-based alloy 30Cr2Ni4MoV used in ship had been studied in the paper.The surface and section of samples corroded for different times,the corrosion products,the corrosion weight loss and corrosion ratio had been analyzed.The result showed that after corrosion 400 h,the surface of samples had been covered with corrosion products,and some corrosion products had separated from the substrate.The main component of corrosion product was FeO(OH).The corrosion of 30Cr2Ni4MoV started form the corrosion pits,and then extended.While the corrosion extent of samples tended to be same,new corrosion pits appeared,and corrosion continued.In the first 100 h,the corrosion rate changed greatly.
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