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    Fabrication, Characterization and Applications of Crystalline Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
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    Abstract:
    We review recent progress in fabrication, characterization, and applications of ultra-high-Q crystalline whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators. We report on the experimental observations of power-dependent, non-exponential decay of light stored in WGMs caused by stimulated Raman scattering in the resonator host material. We show that a proper thermal annealing leads to a significant increase of the quality factors of the resonators. Finally, we demonstrate optical continuous wave parametric oscillations in lithium niobate WGM resonators.
    Keywords:
    Q factor
    Whispering gallery
    The whispering-gallery modes of cylindrical dielectric resonators of high permittivity (er~38) are investigated. Axial-mode confinement is ensured by a slight increase in the rod diameter. The resonances for various azimuthal mode numbers and the two states of polarisation are identified experimentally. There is a good agreement between measured and calculated frequencies. The measured quality factor, of the order of 7000 at 6 GHz, is, for some resonances, limited only by the intrinsic loss of the dielectric material. The whispering-gallery mode of resonance enables designers to use comparatively larger-size dielectric resonators at millimetre-wavelengths with good frequency selection and low loss.
    Whispering gallery
    Q factor
    Dielectric resonator
    Dielectric loss
    Citations (54)
    Caustic (mathematics)
    Whispering gallery
    Dielectric resonator
    Q factor
    Dielectric resonator antenna
    Citations (1)
    A new graphical approach for evaluating the loaded and unloaded Q-factors of traveling-wave (TW) whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators is proposed. This approach is based on extracting the attenuation and coupling coefficients of the resonator directly from the measured complex insertion loss values. The extracted Q-factor values of a measured K-band resonator are verified by using the well-known reaction method where rigorous results are obtained.
    Q factor
    Whispering gallery
    Mode (computer interface)
    We demonstrate tunable terahertz Fano resonance with high quality (Q=2095) factor based on coupled whispering-gallery-mode resonators. The developed tunability comes from the adjusting of the resonant frequency and the coupling strength of the system.
    Q factor
    Fano resonance
    Whispering gallery
    Mode (computer interface)
    Citations (1)
    Quality factor 2.5 X 109 at the wavelength (lambda) equals 0.63 micrometers is reported in approximately 100 micrometers spherical resonators of fused silica with whispering-gallery modes (equivalent finesse F equals 2.5 X 106). Quality-factor 3 X 107 and effective thermal tunability of modes (up to 0.1%) is demonstrated in whispering-gallery microresonators of optical glass. Dispersive bistability and other nonlinear effects are observed at the level of input power about tens of microwatts. Nonlinear properties of optical whispering-gallery modes are investigated by mode cross-modulation technique. Prospects of applications in linear signal processing and quantum-nondemolition measurements are outlined.
    Finesse
    Whispering gallery
    Q factor
    Citations (7)
    The whispering-gallery modes of cylindrical dielectric resonators of high permittivity (εr~38) are investigated. Axial-mode confinement is ensured by a slight increase in the rod diameter. The resonances for various azimuthal mode numbers and the two states of polarisation are identified experimentally. There is a good agreement between measured and calculated frequencies. The measured quality factor, of the order of 7000 at 6 GHz, is, for some resonances, limited only by the intrinsic loss of the dielectric material. The whispering-gallery mode of resonance enables designers to use comparatively larger-size dielectric resonators at millimetre-wavelengths with good frequency selection and low loss.
    Whispering gallery
    Q factor
    Dielectric resonator
    Dielectric loss
    Citations (37)
    ABSTRACT A one dimensional radial absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is introduced for the analysis of low order Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) microresonators. Because the radiation of WGM is mostly in the form of radially outgoing waves, the employed ABC assumes that the absorbing material is anisotropic only in the radial direction. This formulation enables us to precisely calculate both the resonance frequency and quality factor of the WGMs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1065–1068, 2016
    Q factor
    Whispering gallery
    Citations (0)