The Physiological Role of Relaxin in the Pregnant Rat. III. The Influence of Relaxin on Cervical Extensibility*
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Abstract:
Cervices from day 18 (D18) intact pregnant rats show significantly greater extensibility and ability to accommodate to extension than cervices from D9 pregnant rats. On D22, cervices from intact pregnant rats show even greater extensibility and accommodation to stretch. Cervices from ovariet mized pregnant rats treated with estrogen (E) and progesterone (P; group OPE) show markedly reduced extensibility and ability to accommodate to stretch compared with intact pregnant cervical tissue (group C) on both D18 and D22. Extensibility of group OPE cervices resembles that of cervices from D9 intact pregnant rats. Cervices from ovariectomized pregnant rats treated with E, porcine relaxin (R), and P (group OPER) or porcine R and P (group OPR) exhibit similar extensibility and ability to accommodate to stretch as cervices from intact pregnant rats on both D18 and D22. The importance of R for cervical softening during pregnancy and its interaction with E near term and during parturition are discussed. (Endocrinology116: 1215–1220, 1985)Keywords:
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This study was designed to know the effects of estrogen on apoptosis of uterus tissue,using the method of immuno-histochemical SP to investigate the Bcl-2 and Bax positive expressions in uterus of rats ovariectomized and treated with 17β-estrodiol in five different dosage periods.The result showed that the ovariectomized group(the group OVX) had very significantly degrade with the group of ovariectomized and treated with 17β-estrodiol(the group OVX+E2) on expressions of Bcl-2 within the same stage(P0.01),while expressions of Bax had significantly upgrade(P0.05);the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax of the sham ovariectomized group(the group SHAM) and the group OVX+E2 in different periods had no remarkable difference.In the later stage,the positive expressions of Bcl-2 had a slight increase than before in the group OVX,while the expressions of Bax were decreasing,and the expressions had no remarkable difference.All the results illustrated that estrogen in proper dose had certain protective effect on uterus by up-regulating the expressions of Bcl-2 and down-regulating the expressions of Bax in the initial stage of estrogen deficiency,while no significant regulative effect in the later stage of estrogen deficiency.
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Two methods were used to induce gingival inflammation in squirrel monkeys (8 ovariectomized females and 3 males) with known levels of progesterone, estrogen and cortisol. Plasma progesterone and cortisol were assayed by a competitive binding technique. A bioassay of vaginal epithelium was used to assess estrogen activity. The ovariectomized animals were divided into two equal groups. Group I was injected with 10 mg progesterone and 0.2 mg estrogen twice daily for 50 days, producing elevated levels of these hormones. The remaining females (Group II) and the males (Group III) received vehicle for the same length of time. Regardless of the manner by which it was induced, gingival inflammation, as assessed by histometrics, was most severe in ovariectomized animals with no detectable progesterone and minimal estrogen (Group II). Group II, also, had lower levels of cortisol than the ovariectomized animals receiving progesterone and estrogen (Group I) and the males (Group III).
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Objective : This study is aimed to evaluate the effects of Evodiae Fructus herbal-acupuncture (EF-HA) at KI10 on osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in mice. Method : Mice underwent bilateral ovariectomy. After recovering, the ovariectomized (OVX) mice were treated by needle prick, saline injection, herbal acupuncture with Evodiae Fructus (EF-HA) at KI10 for 8 weeks. Result : 1. EF-HA at KI10 significantly inhibited the overgrowth of tibia in ovariectomized mice. 2. NP at KI10 significantly restored the tibial BMD (bone mineral density) in ovariectomized mice. 3. EF-HA at KI10 significantly restored the phosphorus and creatinine levels in ovariectomized mice serum. 4. EF-HA at KI10 significantly restored the tibial Ca and P levels in ovariectomized mice. 5. EF-HA at KI10 significantly reduced the tibial osteoclast-like cells in ovariectomized mice. 6. EF-HA at KI10 significantly inhibited the overgrowth of tibial GPL (growth plate length) in ovariectomized mice. Conclusion : EF-HA at KI10 has protective and therapeutic effect for osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice. Thus, it is suggested that EF-HA can be an useful therapeutics in clinical field after further researches.
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Previous studies have reported that osteoporosis due to estrogen deficiency influences fracture healing. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) has been found to be involved in fracture healing via the regulation of the differentiation and activation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The current study aimed to determine the effects of estrogen on the expression of TGF-β1 during fracture healing in ovariectomized rats. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200–250 g were assigned to: (i) a sham-operated group that was given a normal saline; (ii) an ovariectomized control group that was given a normal saline; or (iii) an ovariectomized + estrogen (100 μg/kg/day) group that was treated with conjugated equine estrogen. The right femur of all rats was fractured, and a Kirschner wire was inserted six weeks post-ovariectomy. Treatment with estrogen was given for another six weeks post-fracture. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken, and the right femur was harvested and subjected to biomechanical strength testing. The percentage change in the plasma TGF-β1 level before treatment was significantly lower in the ovariectomized control and estrogen groups when compared with the sham group (p<0.001). After six weeks of treatment, the percentage change in the plasma TGF-β1 level in the estrogen group was significantly higher compared with the level in the ovariectomized control group (p = 0.001). The mean ultimate force was significantly increased in the ovariectomized rats treated with estrogen when compared with the ovariectomized control group (p = 0.02). These data suggest that treatment with conjugated equine estrogen enhanced the strength of the healed bone in estrogen-deficient rats by most likely inducing the expression of TGF-β1.
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Little or no increase in the percentage of positive mammary alveolar responses was obtained in ovariectomized mice treated with estrogen plus progesterone plus relaxin as compared to those treated with estrogen plus progesterone only. Progesterone inhibited the pelvic relaxing effect of estrogen or of estrogen plus relaxin. Neither progesterone nor relaxin exerted any significant modifying effect on the increased bone density resulting from estrogen administration.
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To evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of the collagen extracted from Sika deer velvet(CSDV) on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.Histomorphometric indices,biomechanics results and serum biochemical parameters were measured in ovariectomized rats treated with/without CSDV and in sham-operated rats.Compared with the ovariectomized group,CSDV markedly improve bone mineral density(BMD) and bone weight in ovariectomized rats,regulate the ALP and BGP in serum.CSDV was found to play a role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.
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To study the therapeutic effects of inrigorating the kidney and strengthening the bones capsule(IKSBC) on osteoporotic ovariectomized(OVX) rat model.The concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and ALP in serum of ovariectomized rats were determined by clinical biochemical assay, and the right hind leg thighbones of ovariectomized rats were reserved for the preparation of bone specimens and were studied by bone histomorphometry.After treatment with IKSBC, the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in ovariectomized rat serum were increased, the activity of ALP was decreased and the percentage of relative trabecular volume was increased significantly as compared with that before treatment(P < 0.05).IKSBC possesses some therapeutic effects on osteoporotic rat model.
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