The funny people: A source‐orientation to the communication of humor
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Research investigated the production of humor and correlates with the communicator trait of Humor Orientation (HO; Booth‐Butterfield & Booth‐Butterfield, 1991). In Phase One, 161 university students completed four self report scales. Humor Orientation was positively correlated with communication traits of communicator adaptability, concern for eliciting positive impressions, affective orientation, and situational sense of humor. To compare differences in humor production, 57 students from Phase One were recruited on the basis of HO scores. High (N=29) and low (N=28) HOs delivered 3 jokes. High HOs were perceived to be funnier than low HOs both by participant‐observers and by independent coders who listened to audiotapes. However, participant‐observers rated messages significantly funnier than those who only listened to tapes. Key concepts: Humor orientationhumor productionhumor behavioraffective orientationcompetenceKeywords:
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The purpose of the study is to figure the influences of situational factors on the evaluation of service encounter and product attitude by using coffee-shop customers as the research sample. The study found that situational factors have an positive effect on evaluation of service encounter and a significant difference in the degree of effect between hedonic and utilitarian motivation groups. The study also found customers involvement and the evaluation derived from situational factors were negatively correlated.
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The article analyzes the factors of situational crime. It is indicated that the main cause of all crimes is the motivation of the individual to commit a crime. A new concept is introduced in the mechanism of individual criminal behavior – opportunities. The concept of subjective and objective possibilities is given. It is indicated that the result of the interaction of these types of opportunities is the “trigger” of criminal encroachment. The place of possibilities in the mechanism of a criminal act is shown. Based on the results of the study, the subjective and objective possibilities of situational criminals are analyzed. At the same time, their interrelation forms a set of situational crime factors. It is indicated that only in situational crime, external factors can form a motive and a decision to commit a crime.
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Although it is generally recognized in the social sciences that the “situation” is indispensable for understanding behavior, thus far criminologists have not devoted systematic attention to situational analysis. This paper contributes to the development of a situational perspective on crime by defining the concept of situation, developing four hypotheses about the situational characteristics of selected personal contact crimes, and then testing those hypotheses using victimization survey data from the United States and Venezuela. The research shows that coercive crimes are less situationally clustered than noncoercive crimes and that instrumental crimes are more situationally clustered than character crimes. Despite tremendous differences in crime rates for the two countries, substantial similarity is found in situational crime patterns. The implications of the research for criminological theory are discussed.
Situational ethics
Crime Prevention
Criminal Behavior
Similarity (geometry)
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Sense of control
Perceived control
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The article evaluates situational crime based on the analysis of the dynamics of general crime over the past 16 years. It is concluded that during this period, both general crime and its serious types have sharply decreased, but the share of the marginal component has significantly increased, as well as the number of crimes with manifestations of modern technologies, which are based on situational factors. All this indicates an increase in the situational component of crime. The author evaluates situational crime based on the results of his own research. At the same time, the criminological portrait of a situational criminal and the main factors of situational crime, assessed as subjective and objective possibilities, are highlighted.
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This paper seeks to identify the situational factors that drive the adoption of online grocery shopping among older adults. A two-step research process is employed. First, exploratory qualitative research is carried out to identify situational factors that older adults take into account when deciding whether to buy groceries online. This is followed by a conjoint experiment to determine which situational factors are considered most important when making such a decision. The sample consisted of 9 participants in the in-depth individual interviews and 206 respondents in the conjoint experiment. The findings indicate that health, mobility issues, and distance to a store are the most important situational factors driving older adults to buy groceries online. Moreover, the findings confirm that the adoption of online grocery shopping among older adults is a result of a complex trade-off of situational variables. The findings contribute to managerial practice by providing online grocery retailers with insight that can be applied when designing promotional programs targeted at older adults.
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Grocery shopping
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Grocery store
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Situational teaching is helpful in moral education in that it provides young people with direct situational experience.Taking the Album of Defending Dinghai for example,this paper comes up with some suggestions on how to select relevant teaching materials and conduct the teaching.
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The Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (Thorson & Powell, 1993a) was translated into Spanish and administered to 539 adults in the Madrid area. Analysis of the resultant data and comparison to an American sample (N = 473) revealed a number of differences in constructions of sense of humor between the two groups. In particular, in an item analysis American respondents tended to score higher on humor creativity or generation items, while respondents from Spain scored higher on coping humor items. In a 1997 article, Thorson, Brdar and Powell demonstrated how sense of humor scale scores differed between respondents from two different countries. They suggested that language and cultural elements influence the ways that national groups construe humor. That is, different elements of sense of humor might be more characteristic of particular groups. They followed this line of research (Thorson, Powell & Samuel, 2001) to demonstrate different constructions of sense of humor among samples of blacks and whites in the U. S. The purpose of the present study was to compare conceptions of humor between samples from Spain and the United States. Cross-cultural studies of humor have usually been focused on uses of humor and appreciation of humor (Caillat & Mueller, 1996; Hill, 1993; LaFave, 1972; Rodrigues & Collinson, 1995; Tamaoka & Takahashi, 1994; Thorson, 1993; Unger, 1996; Weinberger & Spotts, 1989; Weller, Amitsour, & Pazzi, 1976; Ziv & Zajdman, 1993). These kinds of studies describe what people in various cultures find to be humorous; they speak to the ways in which people joke or amuse themselves to illustrate how cultures differ (Alford & Alford, 1981; Davies, 1990; Davis, 1993). Jewish humor provides a host of examples: It is said that Chanukah has the same theme as most Jewish holidays: They tried to kill us, we survived, let's eat. Another would be the unfortunate accident where Goldberg is hit and knocked down by a careless driver. Tending to him in the street until medical help arrives, a man says, Mr. Goldberg, are you comfortable? to which the old man says, I make a living. In a previous article (Thorson, Powell, & Samuel, 2001) African American humor is mentioned, in particular, playing the dozens: I saw your wife the other day and she is ugly. She's so ugly it looks like her face was on fire and somebody beat it out with a track shoe. Your mother's so fat that when she sits around the house, she sits around the house. There is little in the literature, however, about how individual understandings or conceptions of humor may vary among different groups. That is, we may know that a joke is typical for certain groups, but we have less understanding of the meaning or idea of humor cross-culturally. Thus, Norwegian Americans in Minnesota may be characterized by their uses of Ole and Lena jokes, and African Americans in Chicago may be more prone to playing the dozens, but few researchers, if any, have pointed out that both patterns are self-deprecating humor and have as their basis coping motives. And, while there are only a few analyses of such intra-national constructs of sense of humor, there are precious few that are inter-national. As far as we know, in the case of Spain, specific questionnaires to measure sense of humor have not been developed. Thus, our aim in the present study was to translate a well-known scale for the assessment of elements of sense of humor that has established reliability and validity and then use it in the evaluation of humor in interpersonal relationships as well as research dealing with variables related to personality and other psychological processes, such as anxiety and stress. METHOD Instrument The Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale (MSHS; Thorson & Powell, 1993a) was developed as an assessment device using several elements that make up individual sense of humor: creativity and generation of humor, uses of humor as a social lubricant, uses of humor for coping, appreciation of humor, and appreciation of humorous people. …
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
Chorale will delight audiences of all
ages with a diverse mix of classic and
contemporary pieces. The ChoraleAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂs
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music making, successful in their
aim to make the audience feel,
to be moved, to be part of the
performance - and all this while
working at an extremely high
musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
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People's attributional phenomenology is likely to be characterized by effortful situational correction. Drawing on this phenomenology and on people's desire to view themselves more favorably than others, the authors hypothesized that people expect others to engage in less situational correction than themselves and to make more extreme dispositional attributions for constrained actors' behavior. In 2 studies, people expected their peers to make more extreme dispositional inferences than they did themselves for a situationally constrained actor's behavior. People's expectation that they engage in more situational correction than their peers was diminished among Japanese participants, who have less desire to view themselves as superior to their peers (Study 3), and among participants who were led to view dispositional attributions more favorably than situational attributions (Study 4).
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