Investigations into the biochemical basis of azinphosmethyl resistance in the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
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Esterase
Strain (injury)
Organophosphate (OP) insecticides have been used widely to control Culex pipiens L. populations and this has led to the emergence of OP-resistance. Predominantly, resistance in Cx. pipiens is caused by over-production of nonspecific esterases, such as Estβ11 and Estα21/β21. These esterases confer multiple resistance to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. To define the esterases in Chinese Cx. pipiens, restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis was performed at the esterase β locus. A new esterase haplotype (Estβ8) was found. Starch gel electrophoresis indicated that Estβ8 was coelevated with a novel Estα8. This article reports Estα8/β8 esterase-mediated resistance in Cx. pipiens complex.
Esterase
Culex pipiens
Carbamate
Insecticide Resistance
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Eleven species of brightly coloured Tortricidae from the western part of South America are listed. Five species (Tinacrusis atopa Razowski & Wojtusiak, sp. n...
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Resumen en: The paper consists of the data on 58 primary types and one paratype; colour illustrations of 61 adults are provided. Four new combinations are proposed.>...
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Resumen en: The species described to this date from Venezuela are listed. 34 new species and 9 new genera are described: Cochylini: Henricus glaesarius Razowski & W...
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The following contribution highlights an overview of the 50 species of Tortricidae captured on Pelion Mountain, in Central Greece, during sever...
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Seven species of Olethreutini(Lepidoptera : Tortricidae): Olethreutes siderana(T.), O. pryerana(W.), O. nigricrista, F., Pseudohedya retracta F., Apotomis capreana(H.), Cryptaspasma marginifasciata(W.) and C. angulicostana(W.) are reported for the first time from Korea by authors.
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Resumen en: Three genera (Promodra Razowski, gen. n., Rufeccopsis Razowski, gen. n., Zellereccopsis Razowski, gen. n.) and 6 species (Eccopsis ofcolacona Razowski, s...
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Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is an enzyme, which work on acetylcholine hydrolysis. Some insecticides can inhibit the activities of this enzyme. The purpose of this research was determined the kinetics of the AchE inhibition over the organophosphate and carbamat inhibitors with the methylindoxylacetate (MIA) as a substrate. The AchE extract was obtained from the local honeybee head (100 heads on the 5 mL of phosphate buffer 0.05 M). Based on the preliminary analysis, the volume of the enzyme extract for the reaction rate was 100 mL on 1-5 mL of the substrate. Monocrothopos, Carbophenathion, Baycarb and MIPC were used as inhibitors which the concentration were 0.0018, 0.0030, and 0.0042 mg/mL respectively. The reaction rate were measured by Fluorescence HPLC Monitor (Shimadzu RF 535) at 540 nm, and some computational program were used on data analysis. The result of this research showed that the maximum rate of MIA hydrolysis by AchE without the presence of inhibitor was 5.16 mL/s and the hydrolysis constant (Km) was 3.49, and the inhibitors did not influence the maximum rate of substrate hydrolysis. It was finally concluded that the kinetics of AchE inhibition on MIA hydrolysis over the organophosphate and carbamat inhibitors was the competitive inhibition. Keyword: acetylcholinesterase, inhibition, organophosphate, carbamat
Cholinesterase
Enzyme Kinetics
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Organophosphate poisoning
Pralidoxime
Cholinesterase
Median lethal dose
Lethal dose
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Models were developed to describe the effects of heating rate during heat treatments on the mortality of 5th-instar codling moth, Cydia ponwnella (L.). An old model, developed from previous studies over a limited range of heat treatments, was 1st formulated. Subsequent heat treatments, using a computerized water bath system and linear heating rates of 4,6,8,10, and 12°C/ h at 42,44,and 46°C,were used to test the old model.The mortality data from the water bath study were used to develop a new model.Although the old model provided a good estimate of the effects of heating rate on 5th-instar mortality, it overestimated mortality at midrange heating rates. Also, the old model was awkward to use because it required a correction for each treatment temperature. The new model incorporated treatment temperature into the equation, and was more accurate and easier to use. It was determined that the slower the rate of heating, the longer the exposure to the final treatment temperature was needed to achieve 95%mortality.
Codling moth
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