Chinese herb “destagnation” series I: Combination of radiation with destagnation in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc): a prospective randomized trial on 188 cases
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Radiosensitizer
Anorexia
Objective To explore the correlation between radiotherapy and the serumal level of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods The levels of NO were detected by nitrate reductase method in sera from 20 patients with NPC at the time points before radiotherapy, immediately after radiotherapy, and one year after radiotherapy. 27 healthy adults were taken as control; their levels of NO were also detected. Results ① The levels of NO in NPC patient before radiotherapy was significantly higher than that in of control group (P0.01). ② The levels of NO in NPC patients immediately after radiotherapy were significantly lower that those before radiotherapy (P0.01). ③ The levels of NO in NPC patients one year after radiotherapy were higher than those in control group and NPC patients immediately after radiotherapy (P0.01), but much lower than those in NPC patients before radiotherapy (P0.05). Conclusion NO may play an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of NPC at molecular level. Concentration monitoring of serumal NO maybe helpful to evaluate the state and prognosis of NPC patients.
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Ionizing irradiation is a well-established therapeutic modality for cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially with 5-ALA and Photofrin, is highly effective in some tumor types. Chemical modifiers, so-called radiosensitizers, are used in order to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy. Most of the known and routinely used radiosensitizers are not tumor selective, so that the normal tissue reaction toxicity is also increased. In the present study we investigated whether a porphyrin derivative that is currently used as a tumor-photosensitizing agent in photodynamic therapy (PDT) may also act as a tumor-specific radiosensitizer.For our investigation we used Balb/c mice implanted with Lewis sarcoma and irradiated with 3 Gy combined with injection of 5-ALA or Photofrin at various concentrations before irradiation.5-ALA had no effect as a radiosensitizer at any of the concentrations examined. Photofrin at a concentration of 5 mg/kg proved to be a chemical modifier of ionizing radiation, delaying tumor growth and reducing the overall tumor volume by about 50% after six days.Photofrin has marked efficacy as a radiosensitizer and can be used in the future as a selective tumor radiosensitizer.
Radiosensitizer
Lewis lung carcinoma
Verteporfin
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To study the impact of radiotherapy on middle ear pressure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)patients.First diagnostic NPC patients(n=60)with normal hearing in language zone and A type graph of tympanic pressure before radiotherapy were randomly divided into two groups.The first group received local treatment of nasal cavity and nasopharynx radiotherapy.The second group received radiotherapy alone.Tympanic pressures of the first and the second group was measured at the end of radiotherapy.At the end of radiotherapy,there was significant difference in the measurement of tympanic pressure(z=-5.159,P0.005)between the first group and the second group.[Conclusions]More negative pressure values of the middle ear was mainly associated with organic obstruction of eustachian tubes at the end of radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.Local treatments of nasal cavity and nasopharynx have a good effect.
Eustachian tube
Tympanic cavity
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e13546 Background: A key research objective in radiation oncology is to identify agents that can improve chemoradiotherapy. Nanoparticle (NP) chemotherapeutics possess several properties, such as preferential accumulation in tumors, that are uniquely suited for chemoradiotherapy. To facilitate the clinical translation of NP chemotherapeutics in chemoradiotherapy, we conducted preclinical evaluation of Genexol-PM, the only clinically approved NP chemotherapeutic with a controlled drug release profile, as a radiosensitizer using non-small cell lung cancer as a model disease. Methods: The physical characteristics and drug release profile of Genexol-PM were characterized. Genexol-PM’s efficacy as a radiosensitizer was evaluated in vitro using NSCLC cell lines and in vivousing mouse xenograft models of NSCLC. Paclitaxel dose to normal lung and liver after Genexol-PM administration were quantified and compared to that of after Taxol administration. Results: Genexol-PM have a size of 23.91 ± 0.41 nm and surface charge of -8.1 ± 3.1 mV. It releases paclitaxel in a controlled release profile. In vitro evaluation of Genexol-PM as a radiosensitizer showed it is an excellent radiosensitizer and is more effective than Taxol, its small molecule counterpart at the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). In vivostudy of Genexol-PM as a radiosensitizer demonstrated that it is more effective as a radiosensitizer than Taxol. We also found that Genexol-PM leads to lower paclitaxel exposure to normal lung and liver tissue than Taxol at 6 hours post administration. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that Genexol-PM is more effective than Taxol as a radiosensitizer in the preclinical setting and holds high potential for clinical translation. Our data support the clinical evaluation of Genexol-PM in chemoradiotherapy for NSCLC.
Radiosensitizer
Chemoradiotherapy
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Radiosensitizer as a promising novel anti-tumor medicine has synergetic effects with radiotherapy, and can enhance the kill rate of tumor cells and radiotherapy effect. In recent years, due to the new theory and technology, the researches of radiosensitizer extend to different fields, from the traditional DNA target sensitizer to new radiosensitizer including nano-particles. Consequently, radiosensitizer combined with radiotherapy will become a new and effective treatment strategy for esophageal carcinoma to enhance the therapeutic effect of esophageal carcinoma.
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Esophageal neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Radiation-sensitizing agents
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Objective To determine whether As 2O 3 could enhance the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)in vivo. Methods BALB/c mice bearing NPC xenografts,CSNET-1,were randomized into control and experimental groups.As 2O 3 at a dosage of 4 mg/kg body weight was administered i.p. for consecutive 6 days to the experimental group.On the 7th day,the BALB/c mice in the experimental group were given 0 Gy,2 Gy,4 Gy and 6 Gy of X-irradiation,respectively.The volumes of the transplanted tumors were then measured twice a week until reaching at least 4 times of the initial volumes.Tumor growth delay and radiosensitizer enhance ratio were calculated. Results In vivo study showed that As 2O\-3 could inhibit the growth of the xenograft tumors.The SER were 1.55,1.71,and 1.77 for the tumor growth delay time of 4,8,12 days,respectively.No severe toxicity was observed in the mice either by biochemical or by histological examination. Conclusion As\-2O\-3 is a potential radiosensitizer for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vivo.\;
Radiosensitizer
Radiosensitivity
Arsenic Trioxide
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OBJECTIVE:To explore the clinical significance of quantitative detection of Epstein-Barr virus infectious status in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues.METHODS:The carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues from 30 patients with poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were prepared simultaneously,and nasopharyngeal tissues from 15 healthy subjects were used as the control.The EBV DNA copies in the samples were tested by using rea1-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS:The infectiou rates of EBV were 73.3%(11/15)in nasopharyngeal tissues of healthy subjects(mean EBV DNA copies of 6.5×102 μg-1 DNA),100%(30/30)in carcinoma tissues and 76.7%(23/30)in adjacent tissues of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients(mean EBV DNA copies of 6.7×105 μg-1 DNA and 1.3×105 μg-1 DNA)respectively.There was no significant diference in the infectious rates and levels of EBV between the adjacent carcinoma tissues of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and nasopharyngeal tissues of healthy subjects(P0.05).The infectious level of EBV was significantly higher in carcinoma tissues than in adjacent tissues,and significantly higher in adjacent tissues than in normal nasopharyngeal tissues of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients(P0.01).CONCLUSIONS:EBV latent infection is a common phenomenon in nasopharyngeal tissues of both nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and healthy persons.The enhancement of EBV infection plays an important role during carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients,which sheds further light on the occurrence of EBV with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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We recently developed Kochi Oxydol-Radiation Therapy for Unresectable Carcinomas (KORTUC) as a strategy to increase intratumoral oxygen concentrations and degrade antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase and catalase. We then developed KORTUC II, which uses sodium hyaluronate containing hydrogen peroxide as a radiosensitizer. KORTUC II requires twice-weekly administration to sustain its effects, but decreasing the frequency of radiosensitizer injections to once-weekly would reduce the burden on the patients and the physicians. The goal of this study was thus to develop a new formulation of KORTUC (New KORTUC) that only requires once-weekly administration. We performed experimental studies using a mouse tumor model and biodegradable hydrogel. C3H/He mice were allocated to control, KORTUC, or hydrogel groups. At 72 h after injection, each tumor was irradiated with a 6 MeV electron beam to a total dose of 30 Gy. During a 62-day observation period, changes in tumor volume and survival rates were assessed in each group. Tumor growth rate was slowest in the hydrogel groups. These data suggest that hydrogel could represent a useful adjunct as a long-acting radiosensitizer in place of sodium hyaluronate. New KORTUC, which contains hydrogen peroxide and hydrogel, exerted a radiosensitizing effect that persisted beyond 72 h following injection of the agent. Use of this new formulation allows radiosensitizer injections to be performed once-weekly with good effect.
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Sodium hyaluronate
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The effect of radiotherapy on antibodies to EBV-induced membrane antigens (MA) was studied in 6 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), 16 with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and 18 controls receiving radiotherapy for other malignant tumors. The tests were performed on sera taken shortly before radiotherapy, about 2 months after radiotherapy, and, in some cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Burkitt's lymphoma, 4–20 months after radiotherapy as well. About 2 months after radiotherapy, there was an increase in anti-MA antibody levels in the BL group and in the NPC group as well. This increase persisted in the group of NPC patients followed during a longer time after radiotherapy. With one exception, a maxillary carcinoma, there was no increase in the control group. Possible implications of these findings are discussed.
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