Correlation between friction of articular cartilage and reflectance intensity from superficial images
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Articular surface
Intensity
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Restauration of the articular surface using an homogenous osteochondral fragment was studied experimentally in rabbits. Homogenous osteochondral fragments were preserved for fourteen days in minus 18 centigrades before transplantation to the medial femoral condyle and fixation to the bed using an autogenous bone transplant. The observation time varied from 7 to 200 days.Good congruity of the joint surface was obtained, but, histologically, the long-term results were deteriorated because of a gradual degeneration of the articular cartilage of the osteochondral fragment. The consolidation of the homogenous fragment and the fate of the autogenous bony fixation transplant was microradiographically confirmed. Healing and remodelling of the osteochondral fragment, observed by fluorescence labelling, occurred slowly and was observed long after the clinical uniting was obtained.Reconstruction of the joint surface can be achieved by using this technique, but further research is needed to preserve the articular cartilage functioning for a longer time. Degeneration of the articular cartilage may be due to immunological reactions.
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Cartilage-on-bone samples from bovine patellae containing a defined stellar or linear initiating split in the articular surface were incrementally loaded in direct compression with intervening rehydration, until articular surface rupture occurred. All patellae were either normal or exhibited a mild level of surface fibrillation. In all cases the actual loading site was free of disruption. The average rupture stress of the healthy cartilage was significantly higher than that of the mildly degenerate cartilage, and in both tissue categories average rupture stresses were lower for the linear split morphology than for the stellar. We propose that this contrasting rupture behavior is explained by differences in both secondary lineal surface strains associated with the depth of compressive indentation and in the ability of the fibrillar network within the surface layer to re-arrange itself in the localized regions of stress concentration around the initiating split.
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The objective of this investigation was to determine whether the surface of young adult human articular cartilage was smooth as defined by industrial standards for metal surfaces. Human articular cartilage with attached subchondral bone from the midregion of the trochlear surface of the talus was obtained postmortem from 7 donors (aged 29 +/- 9 y). The specimens were processed using multiple fixation techniques prior to scanning electron microscopy and 3-dimensional stereoscopic analysis. Three-dimensional stereoscopic data showed that 92.78 +/- 16.90% of the articular surface was devoid of surface irregularities and was considered to be smooth. The remaining regions comprising 7.22 +/- 17.20% of the area demonstrated bumps measuring 7.70 +/- 4.58 microns in height. When the results of this study were compared with the international standards for surface preparations used by machinists for metal surfaces, they clearly showed that even when the regions with bumps were considered, the articular cartilage surface could be characterised as smooth.
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Seventy-six knees with fracture-separations of articular cartilage are described. The lesion involved the full thickness of the articular surface with exposed subchondral bone in 28 knees and only part of the thickness in 48. The clinical features and distribution of the lesions within the knee are described.
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Electron micrographs
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