Cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase gene expression in differentiating rat trophoblast cells
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Abstract Trophoblast giant cells of the rat placenta express cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase (P450c17) and synthesize androgens. The purpose of this study was to investigate androgen production and expression of P450c17 in the Rcho-1 trophoblast cell line. These cells are capable of differentiating along the trophoblast giant cell lineage. Androstenedione production increased approximately 70-fold as Rcho-1 trophoblast cells progressed from the proliferation to the differentiation state. P450c17 enzyme activity and mRNA also showed significant increases associated with trophoblast giant cell differentiation. To study the transcriptional regulation of the P450c17 gene, the activities of a series of P450c17 promoter–luciferase reporter constructs were evaluated following transient transfection into Rcho-1 trophoblast cells. A DNA region located – 98 bp upstream of the P450c17 gene transcriptional start site was the shortest promoter DNA construct consistently possessing activity in Rcho-1 trophoblast cells. Activities of longer constructs (−156 to −1560 bp) in this population of cells were significantly greater than the −98 bp promoter–reporter construct. The − 476 bp P450c17 construct showed maximal promoter activity in transiently transfected Rcho-1 trophoblast cells and was developmentally activated in stably transfected Rcho-1 trophoblast cells. Activation of the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway did not significantly affect P450c17 promoter activity in Rcho-1 trophoblast cells, in contrast to its effects in mouse MA-10 Leydig cells. In summary, Rcho-1 trophoblast cells are capable of endocrine differentiation and are a useful in vitro system for studying the regulation of trophoblast androgen production and P450c17 gene expression. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 150, 161–168Keywords:
Trophoblast
Objective: To screen the differential expression genes of Kanglaite Injection in treating cancer cachexia. Methods: mRNA was extracted from the blood cells of T739 animal model of C.C., hybridizated respectively on 20S gene chip. Analysis discuss on differential expression genes was carried out. Results: 5 differential expression genes were obtained. Among these genes, 4 genes were up-regulated and 1 gene was down-regulated. Most of these genes were related with immunity and metabolism of tumor. Conclusion: cDNA microarray for analysis of gene expression patterns is a powerful method to identify associated genes of Kanglaite.
Cancer Cachexia
Gene chip analysis
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SUMMARY The effect of genetical dissimilarity between the trophoblast and host on trophoblast growth was studied in extrauterine sites, where people can observe trophoblast growth without the complicating factors of the uterine environment. Trophoblast growth was estimated in this study by measuring the extent of trophoblast proliferation in the kidney and testis per body weight in the testis. The results showed that the trophoblast growth was not enhanced by genetical dissimilarity, but was probably determined by the capacity of the host to support trophoblast growth and the capacity of the trophoblast itself to grow. No hormonal influence on trophoblast growth was observed. When hosts were immunized with double skin grafts from donors, however, the success rate of attempted transplantation of the blastocyst was remarkably lowered and trophoblast growth was also suppressed in terms of the number of trophoblast cells and the extent of trophoblast proliferation. In such cases, intensive lymphocytic infiltration was seen between the trophoblast and host tissues. This suggests that some anti-genicity on the trophoblast may be expressed in vivo under some conditions, e.g., in the strongly immunized host by the donor's antigen and the immunity to this antigen suppresses trophoblast growth.
Trophoblast
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Evolutionary rates provide important information about the pattern and mechanism of evolution. Although the rate of gene sequence evolution has been well studied, the rate of gene expression evolution is poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear whether the gene expression level and tissue specificity influence the divergence of expression profiles between orthologous genes. Here we address this question using a microarray data set comprising the expression signals of 10,607 pairs of orthologous human and mouse genes from over 60 tissues per species. We show that the level of gene expression and the degree of tissue specificity are generally conserved between the human and mouse orthologs. The rate of gene expression profile change during evolution is negatively correlated with the level of gene expression, measured by either the average or the highest level among all tissues examined. This is analogous to the observation that the rate of gene (or protein) sequence evolution is negatively correlated with the gene expression level. The impacts of the degree of tissue specificity on the evolutionary rate of gene sequence and that of expression profile, however, are opposite. Highly tissue-specific genes tend to evolve rapidly at the gene sequence level but slowly at the expression profile level. Thus, different forces and selective constraints must underlie the evolution of gene sequence and that of gene expression.
Molecular evolution
Sequence (biology)
Rate of evolution
Divergence (linguistics)
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To study the genes differentially expressed in the liver of Kkay diabetic and normal mice by genomic-scale gene expression analysis.cDNA microarray chips containing 8,192 cDNAs were used to explore the gene expression pattern of Kkay mouse liver.One hundred and fifty-four genes were screened out, including 68 complete cDNAs and expressed sequence tags, and among them 40 genes were up-regulated and 114 genes were down-regulated respectively.Most of the gene expression analysis results were consistent with previous study, and the gene expression pattern of Kkay mouse based on cDNA microarray could be used for high-throughout screening out the genes associated with type 2 diabetes.
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Objective To analyze the differential gene expression profiling of liver in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock(HS) and sham hemorrhage shock(SHAM) by gene chip technology, thus to evaluate the possible molecular pathogenesis of HS. Method 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a SHAM group and a HS group, with 10 rats in each group. Hepatic gene expression profiles were detected by oligonucleotide microarrays of 5705 mouse genes in two groups for three times. Genes with ratio(R) > 2 were identified as up-regulated and R < 0.5 were identified as down-regulated. Biological function of differentially expressed genes was analyzed and 9 genes were selected to undergo semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results Among the total 5705 probes detected,86 genes showed differential expression in HS group comparison with SHAM group. The expression levels of 72 genes were up-regulated while those of 14 genes were down-regulated significantly. Differentially expressed genes were classified according to their biological function: transport genes, transcription regulator genes, signaling genes, response to stress genes, metabolic genes, development genes and cell adhesion genes. Conclusions cDNA microarray is an efficient and high-throughout method to survey gene expression profiles in HS.The variation of those gene expressions might be a potential pathogenic mechanism for HS that may offer a novel target for further study of therapeutic strategies of HS.
Key words:
Hemorrhagic shock; DNA chip; Gene expression; liver
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Trophoblast
Cytotrophoblast
Placentation
Syncytiotrophoblasts
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Trophoblast
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The trophoblast may serve as an example of tissue that is endowed with invasive properties under physiological conditions. Invasiveness of the trophoblast is enabled by the secretion of various proteases capable of degrading extracellular matrix components. Trophoblast invasive behavior is strictly controlled by anti-invasive factors produced by uterine decidual cells. To assess invasive abilities of trophoblast cells we have transplanted E9 and E14 rat trophoblast (i.e. the trophoblast obtained on embryonic day 9 and 14) into the brain of adult rats. The brain parenchyma as an immunologically privileged site is suitable for acceptance of grafts of different tissues. Moreover, the trophoblast placed into the CNS lacks inhibitory influence of anti-invasive factors that normally regulate trophoblast invasivity in the course of intrauterine gestation. To visualize migration of grafted cells the nuclei of the trophoblast were labelled with bromodeoxyuridine prior to neural grafting. The transplant of E9 and E14 trophoblast cells obtained a blood nourishment from host vessels. A proper vascularization is necessary for a further transplant growth. The transplant contained labyrinthine trophoblast cells and giant cells that are typical for the rat placenta. Vital trophoblast cells were found in all grafts whose age did not exceed a lifespan of normal rat trophoblast cells i.e. 21-22 days. In the centre of the graft, no blood vessels were observed. Interstitial spaces of neighbouring trophoblast cells were filled with the host blood and morphology of these spaces mimicked lacunae of the placental trophoblast. E9 and E14 rat trophoblast continued to differentiate after transplantation into the CNS of adult rats. Histological structure of the grafts were compared with microscopical morphology of the normal rat placenta. E9 and E14 trophoblast is considerably differentiated and it does not invade a neighbouring tissue. Trophoblast cells located at t the graft periphery may migrate on free surfaces but they do not invade through the host parenchyma. Migration occurs at a limited distance from the transplant and the cells remain in a close contact with other trophoblast cells in the graft via their cytoplasmatic processes. The ability to lyse host blood vessels and form vascular lacunae is well preserved in E9 and E14 trophoblast after grafting into the CNS. This ability is necessary for a proper transport of nutrients from the host blood stream to fetal tissue that normally occurs in the placenta.
Trophoblast
Decidua
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