Three-dimensional visualization and thickness estimation of aortic valve cusps using high-frequency ultrasound
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Abstract:
High-frequency ultrasound techniques are introduced for three-dimensional imaging and thickness estimation of fresh heart valve cusps. Images of porcine aortic valve specimens were acquired within a 12 × 8 × 8 mm3 volume using a VisualSonics VS40 micro-imaging system operating at a 40 MHz centre frequency. Two image volumes were obtained from each of six left coronary cusps. One volume was acquired with the specimen submerged in distilled water and the second volume was acquired through either Hanks physiologic solution or coronary perfusion solution (CPS). The fibrosa, spongiosa and ventricularis were most readily distinguished when the specimen was imaged in distilled water. Colour thickness maps were computed from B-mode image data, and the mean and standard deviations of the thickness were determined for each cusp. In 11 of 12 trials, the image analysis algorithm yielded valid thickness estimates over greater than 98% of the region examined. Mean thickness estimates obtained with specimens submerged in Hanks solution or CPS ranged from 0.66 to 1.03 mm, and submersion in distilled water increased the mean thickness by 20–40%. This observation suggests that the cusps osmotically absorbed water. Information provided by high-frequency ultrasound is expected be valuable for characterizing the morphological properties of heart valves.Keywords:
Distilled water
High frequency ultrasound
Objective To study the value of high and low frequency ultrasound in patients with acute appendicitis.Methods 60 cases suspected acute appendicitis were examined and diagnosed by high frequency associated with low frequency ultrasound.All the cases were testified by surgery and pathology.The diameter and the length of appendixes were measured by high and low frequency ultrasound respectively.The value was compared with the measurement of surgery.Results The high frequency ultrasound could distinctly display and accurately measure the diameter of affected appendix.There was no significant difference on diameter measured by high frequency ultrasound and surgery(P0.05).The length measured by low frequency ultrasound was lower than the measurement of surgery(P0.01).Conclusion High frequency associated with low frequency ultrasound can accurately measure the size of affected appendix and has high value in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.
High frequency ultrasound
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Objective To investigate the value of the high frequency ultrasound on diagnosing occult rib fractures.Methods Forty-two patients of chest trauma history of suspected fractured ribs because of their Symptoms and Signs had been given the examinations of the high frequency ultrasound and X-ray,and the fractured ribs detection results of the high frequency ultrasound and X-ray had been analysed.Results Forty-two patients had been diagnosed with varying degrees of rib fractures through the review of the high frequency ultrasound and X-ray.39 patients had been detected rib fractures and soft tissue injury by the high frequency ultrasound in the initial examination,and the detection rate was 93%.The distance of disruption displacement was 0.5 mm to 5.5 mm,and 7 patients that had been not detected by X-ray had been detected by the high frequency ultrasound.32 patients had been detected rib fractures by X-ray in the initial examination,and the detection rate was 82%.The distance of disruption displacement was 2.0 mm to 5.5 mm,and 1 patient that had been not detected by the high frequency ultrasound had been detected by X-ray.There was difference between the high frequency ultrasound and X-ray in the detection rate of fractured ribs(P 0.01).Conclusion The slight fractured ribs that can not been detected by X-ray can been detected by the high frequency ultrasound.The high frequency ultrasound is very important clinical value of the high frequency ultrasound on diagnosing occult rib fractures.
High frequency ultrasound
Occult
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Objective To explore the practicability and reliability on measuring the skin thickness of children by 13 mHz high-frequency ultrasound.Methods The skin thicknesses of children in 7 locations of the body were measured by 13 mHz high-frequency ultrasound.Thirty-four cases of children without systemic disease and injury in skin were chosen as objects.Results The 13 mHz high-frequency ultrasound could reveal the structure of epidermis and dermis clearly.The skin in back and fundament was thicker than that in cheek.Conclusion The ultrasound of 13 mHz can show the structure of skin clearly,and it can be used reliably in the measurement of skin thickness as a non-invasive method.
High frequency ultrasound
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Objective To investigate the features of ultrasound images and evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound in appendic lesions. Methods Eighty-seven doubtful appendic lesions were examined and diagnosed with low and high frequency ultrasound respectively. All these cases were verified by pathology after operation. Results The diagnostic accurate rate of high frequency ultrasound in appendic lesions was 94.1% and that of low frequency ultrasound was 42.3%. Conclusions The display rate of high frequency ultrasound is higher than that of low frequency ultrasound in appendic lesions. The high frequency ultrasound can intuitively display appendic lesions which puovide an objective diagnostic basis for colinic.
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Objective To compare the clinical effects of low-frequency ultrasound and high-frequency ultrasound for diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Methods 118 patients with acute appendicitis admitted to our hospital from March 2012 to March 2014 were selected in this study. The pathology results and ultrasound results were analyzed retrospectively, and the diagnostic results of low-frequency ultrasound and high-frequency ultrasound were compared. Results Among all cases of acute appendicitis, the detection rates of acute appendicitis of low-frequency ultrasound and high-frequency ultrasound were 55.08% and 87.29% respectively, with statistical difference(P 0.05). The detection rates of simple appendicitis, and gangrenous/suppurative appendicitis of high-frequency ultrasound were significantly higher than those of low-frequency ultrasound, and the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05). Both the detection rates of appendiceal abscess of low-frequency ultrasound and high-frequency ultrasound were 100.00%. Conclusions High-frequency ultrasound has higher detection rate of acute appendicitis compared with low-frequency ultrasound, but a combination of both will greatly improve the diagnosis rate and deserve clinical application.
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OBJECTIVE To investigate the values of the application of high-frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast small solid tumors.METHODS 142 patients twith high frequency ultrasound examination in our hospital from September 2010 to September 2011 were compared and analyzed.The ultrasound characteristics of lesions in patients were analyzed and compared with the diagnostic classification of BI-RADS-US.RESULTS(1)For lesion morphology detection,high-frequency ultrasound and BI-RADS-US were statistically significant(P﹤0.05);(2)For lesion edges detection,high-frequency ultrasound and BI-RADS-US were statistically significant(P﹤0.05);(3)For blood flow distribution,high-frequency ultrasound and BI-RADS-US were statistically significant(P﹤0.05).CONCLUSION High-frequency ultrasound has a good clinical value in diagnosis of the breast small solid tumor,and it is worthy of a wide range of promotion and application.
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Objective:This study was designed to assess the value of low frequency ultrasound and high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis atypical clinical manifestations.Methods:In all of 73 Acute appendicitis patients with atypical clinical symptoms and signs,but confirmed by pathology and appendectomy were examined and diagnosed by ultrasonic images reviewed.Results:Sixty-two patients were diagnosed by ultrasound.The rates of diagnosis showed significant difference in statistics with low frequency and high frequency(54.1% vs 84.9%,P0.01).Conclusions:In many cases,the correct diagnosis of acute appendicits with atypical clinical manifestations can be observed by high frequency ultrasound and low frequency ultrasound.
High frequency ultrasound
Clinical Diagnosis
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Objective To investigate the features of ultrasound images of acute appendicitis and evaluate the application value of high-low frequency ultrasound in acute appendicitis.MethodsFifty-two acute appendicitis patients were examined and diagnosed with high-low frequency ultrasound respectively.The features of ultrasound images were analysed and the results in different condition were compared with others.The results were compared with pathological diagnosis.Results52 patients were verified by pathology after operation.The ultrasound diagnostic accuracy was 92.31%,the high frequency ultrasound was 92.31% and the low frequency ultrasound was 32.69%.ConclusionCombination of high and low frequency ultrasound can obviously show the intumescent appendix,can be considered the best diagnostic methods.
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Objective To observe the diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound in the early pregnancy.Methods Six hundred women of early pregnancy were assigned into three groups according to pregnancy weeks: The first group: 4 weeks,gestational sac(GS) 10 mm;the second group: ≥4 weeks and 7 weeks,GS 10—26 mm;the third group: ≥7 weeks,GS ≥27 mm.Followed by high-frequency ultrasound,routine ultrasound was performed firstly.The ultrasound images of GS,yolk sac(YS) and embryo were compared between high-frequency and routine ultrasound in the three groups.Results In the first group,GS,YS and embryo were displayed in 178,137 and 28 women with high-frequency ultrasound,respectively,while GS and YS were displayed in 105 and 12 women,but no embryo was detected with routine ultrasound.The differences of displaying rate between high-frequency and routine ultrasound were statistical(all P0.005).In the second group,GS,YS and embryo were displayed in 200,193 and 178 women with high-frequency ultrasound,while in 200,105 and 92 women with routine ultrasound.The displaying rates of yolk sac and embryo between high-frequency and routine ultrasound were statistically different(both P0.005).In the third group,GS,YS and embryo were displayed in 200,197 cases and 193 women with high-frequency ultrasound,and in 200,189 and 182 women with routine ultrasound,respectively.No statistical difference was found between high-frequency and routine ultrasound(all P0.05).Conclusion When gestational age is less than 7 weeks,high-frequency ultrasound can improve the displaying rate of GS,YS and embryo.But for those which gestational age ≥7 weeks,the three images mentioned above present no difference of both high-frequency and routine ultrasound,but the images of high-frequency ultrasound are clearer.
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