Effects of Bathing in Hot Water on Portal Hemodynamics in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Compensated Liver Cirrhosis.
Masahiko KodaShinobu KOMORIMayumi NAGAMIMinae MinoharaYoshikazu MurawakiYutaka HorieTakeaki SuouHironaka KawasakiShiro Ikawa
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Bathing in hot water induces vasodilatation of the peripheral vessels and alteration of blood distribution. Using a Doppler flowmeter, we evaluated the effect of bathing in hot water on portal hemodynamics. Eight controls and 8 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis remained immersed in hot water at 42 degrees C for 5 minutes. Portal flow significantly decreased from 811 +/- 141 (ml/min) at the baseline to 530 +/- 98 in the controls and from 855 +/- 308 to 642 +/- 208 in cirrhotics immediately after bathing. This decrease (25%) in cirrhotics was significantly less than that (35%) in controls because vessel diameter did not decrease as rapidly as it did in controls. Portal flow after 30 minutes returned to the baseline values in controls but remained low in cirrhotics. These findings suggest that cirrhotics have a lower hemodynamic response to bathing in hot water compared with that in controls.Keywords:
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Bathing is a pleasant experience for most children. Supportive equipment is needed for some children with disabilities to enable them to be more independent with bathing. Careful assessment is essential to ensure the provision of the most appropriate bathing and showering equipment. There is a range of bathing and showering equipment available to meet the needs of most children with disabilities. This article explores the basic process in assessing a child for appropriate equipment and provides an overview of some of the available bathing and showering equipment.
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To identify the specific bathing subtasks that are affected in community-living-older persons with bathing disability and to determine the self-reported reasons for bathing disability.Cross-sectional study.General community of greater New Haven, Connecticut.A total of 626 community-living persons, aged 73 and older, who completed a comprehensive assessment, including a detailed evaluation of bathing disability.Trained research nurses assessed bathing disability (defined as requiring personal assistance or having difficulty washing and drying the whole body), the specific bathing subtasks that were affected, and the main reasons (up to three) for bathing disability.Disability in bathing was present in 195 (31%) participants; of these, 97 required personal assistance (i.e., dependence), and 98 had difficulty bathing. Participants with bathing disability reported a mean+/-standard deviation of 4.0+/-2.4 affected subtasks. The prevalence rate of disability for the eight prespecified bathing subtasks ranged from 25% for taking off clothes to 75% for leaving the bathing position. The majority of participants (59%) provided more than one reason for bathing disability. The most common reasons cited by participants for their bathing disability were balance problems (28%), arthritic complaints (26%), and fall or fear of falling (23%).For community-living older persons, disability in bathing is common, involves multiple subtasks, and is attributable to an array of physical and psychological problems. Preventive and restorative interventions for bathing disability will need to account for the inherent complexity of this essential activity of daily living.
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Introduction Early identification and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are crucial. Presently, the mechanism of DPN is not very clear, and there are inconclusive conclusions about the influencing factors of vascular dynamic characteristics in DPN. This study aims to detect and compare the hemodynamic characteristics of plantar blood vessels in patients with mild DPN and healthy participants to explore a simple and reliable new idea and a potential method for early assessment of DPN and to investigate the influence of gender and age on hemodynamic characteristics. Research design and methods Sixty age-matched and gender-matched patients with mild DPN (30 men and 30 women) and 60 healthy participants were randomly recruited. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure and analyze the hemodynamic characteristics of plantar-related vessels. Results Ultrasonic measurements had good test–retest reliability. There may be no statistically significant differences in the blood flow velocity and blood flow in the plantar-related blood vessels of participants, irrespective of their gender and age. For patients with mild DPN, color Doppler ultrasound may indicate early hemodynamic abnormalities when there are no obvious abnormalities in the large arteries of the lower limbs, which are specifically manifested as increased blood flow velocity and blood flow in the distal small vessels. Conclusions Our study provides in vivo data support for the dynamic characteristics of the plantar blood vessel biomechanical model and provides a new idea of in vivo and non-invasive early diagnosis of DPN.
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This chapter contains sections titled: The Importance of Washing Learning Outcomes The Influence of the Lifespan on Bathing and Showering Patients with Cognitive Problems Individuality in Living (Normal Living): Assessment Factors Influencing Meeting Hygiene Needs Environmental Influences on Bathing and Showering Bathing Aids Bath Types Safety Politico-Economic Influences on Meeting Hygiene Needs Individualising Nursing Care Bed Bathing Perineal Care for a Dependent Patient Care of a Urinary Catheter Conclusion References
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Abstract The results from three online surveys of dermatologists, allergists and immunologists, and primary care physicians (PCPs) regarding routine bathing frequency recommendations for children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are presented. The results suggest that PCPs approach bathing frequency differently than specialists, with PCP s recommending daily bathing less than 50% of the time and specialists recommending daily bathing more than 50% of the time. Because there is lack of consensus, studies are needed to evaluate whether bathing frequency makes a clinical difference in the treatment of pediatric AD.
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Objective To investigate the effects of touching bathing for cesarean delivered newborns. Methods 404 cesarean delivered newborns were divided into two groups. Newborns in Group 1 were bathed with routine method. Newborns in Group 2 were bathed with touching method, namely, touching was given to the newborns before bathing and during bathing. The differenees of the appearing rates of crying and cuddling reflex before and during bathing were compared between the two group. Results The appearing rates of crying and cuddling reflex before bathing in Group 2 were significantly lower than Group 1 from the third day to the fifth day after birth ( P < 0. 05 ). The appearing rates of crying and cuddling reflex during bathing in Group 2 weresignificantly lower than Group 1 from the second day to the fifth day after birth (P<0.01). Conclusions Compared with the routine bathing method, the touching bathing method was more easily to be endured by newborns.
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Bathing; Newborn; Crying; Cuddling reflex
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The present study was performed to evaluate the time course of hemodynamic change in axial and random pattern flaps two-dimensionally. The axial pattern flap, including the central auricular artery and vein, and the random pattern flap without these vessels were created in the auricles of the rabbit. The blood flow of these flaps was investigated and assessed using laserflowgraphy, which provides a two-dimensional analysis of microcirculation. In the axial pattern flap, a gradient of blood flow toward the short axis of the flap and decreased blood flow in the surrounding area were noticed immediately after operation. The hemodynamic changes became less marked with time. In the random pattern flap, a gradient of blood flow toward the long axis of the flap was noticed around 6 hr after operation and the blood flow in the surrounding area increased throughout the investigations.
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