Nitrate and Ammonium as Sources of Nitrogen for Corn and Their Influence on the Uptake of Other Ions1
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Abstract No yield differences in tops or roots were measured between ammonium and nitrate nitrogen sources in flow ‘United 108’ grown for 14 or 28 days in constant flow culture solution. There was a greater uptake of N from the nitrate source but approximately 25% of the total uptake remained as nitrate within the plant. Higher plant levels of phosphorus and sulphur were measured in the ammonium treatment and higher Ca ++ and Mg ++ in the nitrate treatment indicating a predominately cation‐anion balance effect.Keywords:
Ammonium nitrate
Surface of ammonium nitrate was modified with surfactants.Its hydroscopicity was measured.The results showed that surfactants can effectively lower the hydroscopicity of ammonium nitrate.Hydroscopicity of modified ammonium nitrate was about 30% lower than that of common ammonium nitrate.Appropriate surfactants for ammonium nitrate modification were obtained.
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Studies were made of ethylene evolution by `Heinz 1350' tomato fruits from plants that had received nitrogen nutrition from ammonium or nitrate salts in soil-based media. Fruits of plants receiving ammonium nutrition had higher ammonium concentrations, higher occurrences of blossom-end rot, and higher rates of ethylene evolution than fruits from nitrate-grown plants. Fruits showing blossom-end rot had higher ammonium concentrations and higher rates of ethylene evolution than normal fruits only if the plants received ammonium nutrition. Ethylene evolution increased as fruits from nitrate-grown plants ripened but without a concurrent increase in ammonium concentrations in the fruits. Ammonium accumulation in fruits apparently induces blossom-end rot and enhances ethylene evolution, but ammonium accumulation does not appear to be a naturally occurring phenomenon in ripening fruits or in fruits that have blossom-end rot arising from other casual factors.
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Nitrogen Assimilation
Glutamate synthase
Nitrogen Cycle
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Dry weight
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The purple sulfur bacterium Allochromatium vinosum can use elemental sulfur as an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis. The elemental sulfur is taken up, transformed into intracellular sulfur globules and oxidized to sulfate. Commercially available 'elemental' sulfur usually consists of the two species cyclo-octasulfur and polymeric sulfur. The authors investigated whether only one sulfur species is used or at least preferred when Alc. vinosum takes up elemental sulfur and forms globules. To this end, Alc. vinosum was cultivated photolithoautotrophically with two types of elemental sulfur that differed in their cyclo-octasulfur : polymeric sulfur ratio, as well as with pure polymeric sulfur. Sulfur speciation was analysed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and sulfate contents were determined by HPLC to quantify the amount of elemental sulfur being taken up and oxidized by Alc. vinosum. The results show that Alc. vinosum uses only the polymeric sulfur (sulfur chain) fraction of elemental sulfur and is probably unable to take up and form sulfur globules from cyclo-octasulfur. Furthermore, direct cell–sulfur contact appears to be necessary for uptake of elemental sulfur by Alc. vinosum.
Sulfur Cycle
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Green sulfur bacteria
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The characteristics of nitrate uptake kinetic in the solution of five ratios of ammonium and nitrate by modified depleting way treated with 0.2 mmol/L CaSO4 solution for three days were studied to discover the ammonium and nitrate nutrition properties of banana seedlings.The result showed that the nitrate uptake kinetic characteristics of all treatments with five ratios of ammonium and nitrate followed the enzyme kinetic model of Michaelis-Menten.Increasing ammonium ratio remarkably influenced Vmax and Km;Vmax would be reduced more to the Hoagland solution adding 10% ammonium than that in placement of 10% ammonium with 10% nitrate,although Km had no distinct difference between these two treatments.The nitrate uptake rate would be reduced in soil of 100% nitrate treated with increasing ammonium ratios.The nitrate affinity.would be decreased treated with 10% more ammonium,while that for the 25% ammonium treatment was in the opposite direction.The nitrate uptake for banana seedlings belonged to low affinity system.
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This paper introduces a method for δ15N determination of ammonium and nitrate in nature waters.It includes three steps: firstly,ion exchange in used to absorb ammonium and nitrate;secondly,the stripped solution distilled to purify ammonium and nitrate;finally the ammonium in the H3BO3 extracted with cation exchange resins and sent to the EA-IRMS for analysis.Simulated water samples with standard NH4Cl and KNO3 and nature waters were treated by this method.Which shows good accuracy and reproducibility.The determined values of δ15N-NH4 and δ15N-NO3 of the simulated water are less by 0.560‰ and 0.314‰ than the standard values,while the standard deviation of all samples is between 0.008‰—0.384‰.Moreover,less volume of water is needed in this method,and the manipulation is fast.Ion exchange provides great convenience for storage and transportation of water samples,which make it also appropriate for field experiments.
Distilled water
Ammonium nitrate
Relative standard deviation
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