Quark spectral function and deconfinement at nonzero temperature
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Abstract:
The maximum entropy method is used to compute the quark spectral function at nonzero temperature. We solve the gap equation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) self-consistently, employing a rainbow kernel which phenomenologically models results from Dyson-Schwinger equations and lattice QCD. We use the criterion of positivity restoration of the spectral function as a signal for deconfinement. Our calculation indicates that the critical temperature of deconfinement ${T}_{d}$ is slightly smaller than the one of chiral symmetry restoration ${T}_{c}$: ${T}_{d}\ensuremath{\sim}94%{T}_{c}$ in the chiral limit and ${T}_{d}\ensuremath{\sim}96%{T}_{c}$ with physical light quark masses. Since these deviations are within the systematic error of our approach, it is reasonable to conclude that chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement coincide at zero chemical potential.Keywords:
Deconfinement
Spectral function
This is a review of selected recent developments in finite-temperature lattice QCD. The focus is on the properties of the chiral crossover region, deconfinement and fluctuations of conserved charges, the equation of state, properties of heavy quarkonia and reconstruction of spectral functions.
Deconfinement
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Zero temperature
Spectral Properties
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I review recent progress in finite temperature lattice calculations, including the study of the nature of the deconfinement transition in QCD, equation of state, screening of static quarks and meson spectral functions.
Deconfinement
Lattice (music)
Spectral Properties
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The infamous sign problem makes it impossible to probe dense (baryon density μ B > 0) QCD at temperatures near or below the deconfinement threshold. As a workaround, one can explore QCD-like theories such as twocolour QCD (QC 2 D) which don’t suffer from this sign problem but are qualitively similar to real QCD. Previous studies on smaller lattice volumes have investigated deconfinement and colour superfluid to normal matter transitions. In this study we look at a larger lattice volume N s = 24 in an attempt to disentangle finite volume and finite temperature effects. We also fit to a larger number of diquark sources to better allow for extrapolation to zero diquark source.
Deconfinement
Diquark
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One way of avoiding the complex action problem in lattice QCD at non-zero density is to simulate QCD-like theories with a real action, such as two-colour QCD. The symmetries of two-colour QCD with quarks in the fundamental and in the adjoint representation are described, and the status of lattice simulations is reviewed, with particular emphasis on comparison with predictions from chiral perturbation theory. Finally, we discuss how the lessons from two-colour QCD may be carried over to physical QCD.
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We investigate the interplay between chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement both in two color QCD and adjoint QCD. In ordinary QCD we show how the behavior of the Polyakov loop near chiral phase transition is induced by the chiral order parameter, while in adjoint two color QCD one has two truly independent phase transitions. Introducing a finite baryochemical potential we find that adjoint QCD exhibits tetracritical behavior.
Deconfinement
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We investigate the interplay between chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement both in two color QCD and adjoint QCD.In ordinary QCD we show how the behavior of the Polyakov loop near chiral phase transition is induced by the chiral order parameter, while in adjoint two color QCD one has two truly independent phase transitions.Introducing a finite baryochemical potential we find that adjoint QCD exhibits tetracritical behavior.
Deconfinement
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We study the confining properties of QCD with two colors across the finite
density phase transition. A disorder parameter detecting dual superconductivity
of the QCD vacuum is used as a probe for the confinement/deconfinement phase
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Quantum chromodynamics has been accepted as the theory of the strong interactions for more than thirty years, ever since the discovery of asymptotic freedom by Gross, Politzer and Wilczek, whose work was recognized with the 2004 Nobel Prize. Despite many successful quantitative predictions for high-energy processes, applications of QCD to strongly-coupled, low-energy hadronic physics, including such basic quantities as the proton mass, have historically been much less successful. A space-time lattice discretization of QCD (proposed by Ken Wilson the year after asymptotic freedom) lends itself to direct numerical simulation, but the enormous computational burden of lattice QCD has, until recently, precluded accurate simulations of the full theory. Happily, dramatic improvements in the predictive power of lattice QCD have occurred in the past few years, due to major theoretical progress in our understanding of lattice quantum field theories. These developments are having a significant impact, including the use of lattice QCD to constrain the search for physics beyond the so-called standard model. This talk will give a conceptual review of the theory of QCD at high and low energies and the new developments in lattice QCD.
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We describe concisely the Dyson-Schwinger (DS) equation approach of QCD and review briefly the progress of the study on the QCD phase transitions with reporting some new results and focussing on the existence and location of the CEP, via the Dyson-Schwinger equation approach of QCD.By calculating and analyzing the chiral susceptibility, the quark number density fluctuations, and some of the thermal properties in the sophisticated continuum QCD approach, we show that there exist a CEP for the chiral phase transition, and so does for the confinement-deconfinement phase transition.The CEP for the chiral phase transition locates at {T E , µ E,B } ∼ = {0.90, 2.33}T χ c with T χ c = 143 MeV, and that for the confinement-deconfinement phase transition is approximately at {T E , µ E,B } ∼ = {0.85, 2.50}T χ c .We also show that the existence and the location of the CEPs in theoretical investigations are governed by the (confinement) interaction length scale embodied in the approach and the reason for the fact that different kind approaches give quite distinct locations for the CEP just results from that difference.
Deconfinement
Color confinement
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