Determinants of the Adoption of Water Harvesting Technologies in the Marginal Areas of Nakuru District, Kenya: the Case of Trench and Water Pan Technologies
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A priority concern in the marginal areas of Kenya is food security, which can be achieved through the development of technologies relevant to dry-land farming with a strong component of water management. One area where runoff harvesting technologies have been promoted extensively over the last few years is Lare division of Nakuru district where several institutions initiated an integrated system of technology generation and transfer to promote water harvesting from runoff. The objective of the study was to investigate factors, which influence adoption of runoff harvesting technologies. A Probit model was used to analyze primary farm level data collected from a sample of 124 farmers chosen through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Trained enumerators administered structured questionnaires that detailed information on the adoption status of the farmer, socio-economic data and household demographics. Results of the Probit analysis show that farm income, farm size, labour requirement, and education of spouses significantly influenced adoption of water harvesting technologies. The study draws some policy recommendations. Keywords: Water harvesting: Adoption Technology, Semi-arid, Runoff. Eastern African Journal of Rural DevelopmentKeywords:
Kharif crop
Rainwater Harvesting
Multistage sampling
The main source of water, is rain for all life on earth. Rainwater harvesting is the best way to collect rainwater and utilize it effectively. Rainwater harvesting is used as a best method to collect and store water for future needs in water scarcity areas where water is not available throughout the year. This practice is becoming popular over the last few years as many people can no longer rely on the availability of ground water to satisfy their needs. North Eastern States in India experiences heavy rainfall in the country compared to other parts. Hence implementation of Rainwater Harvesting scheme in those regions will be a better choice to store water. A Case study on rainwater harvesting in sloped roof houses available in northeast India is done in this paper. Water scarcity problems can be minimised if rain water harvesting techniques are implemented in all households.
Rainwater Harvesting
Scarcity
Water source
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Rainwater harvesting is the art and science of capturing rain for human use. This study analysed rainfall data for the Regional Hospital's catchment area to ascertain potential harvestable rainfall. Assessment of the buildings and their respective roof areas were also done to determine the possible roof catchment areas. The potential rainwater that could be harvested from the different blocks within the hospital range between 3,306.18 -9,943.45m3. The potential total average rainwater that could be harvested from the different blocks within the hospital catchment area of 51,939.11m2 is 53,524.29 m3 per annum. According to data collected from the GWCL, the monthly and yearly demand of water by the hospital are 3,146 m3 and 337,752m3 respectively, which is lower than the total potential rainwater that could be harvested per annum of 53, 524.29m3 . This implies that there would be an excess water of 15,772.29m3 . Theoretically, it means that harvested and stored rainwater could meet the water needs of the hospital.
Keywords: Rainwater harvesting (RWH); Water storage; Organizational water usage
Rainwater Harvesting
Catchment area
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Rainwater Harvesting
Filtration (mathematics)
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In underserved rural areas, domestic rainwater harvesting has been gaining importance as an alternative water source. In rural South Africa, however, less than 1% of households use conventional rainwater harvesting systems. Instead, a household survey in KwaZulu-Natal reveals that many households harvest rainwater in a makeshift manner, using homemade gutters and drums. Statistical analysis shows that high income, a brick house with straight gutters and good water services facilitate conventional rainwater harvesting, while a household with only round huts is easily trapped into makeshift rainwater harvesting. For upscaling rainwater harvesting in rural areas, housing types need to be considered.
Rainwater Harvesting
Cistern
Water source
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For waterwise citizens, rainwater harvesting tanks are viewed as a functional part of a garden.
Champions of rainwater harvesting say tanks should definitely be viewed as a necessity. In areas such as the Western Cape, with rainy winters and dry summers, rainwater tanks seem natural additions to the green spaces of a home or business.
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The main source of water, is rain for all life on earth. Rainwater harvesting is the best way to collect rainwater and utilize it effectively. Rainwater harvesting is used as a best method to collect and store water for future needs in water scarcity areas where water is not available throughout the year. This practice is becoming popular over the last few years as many people can no longer rely on the availability of ground water to satisfy their needs. North Eastern States in India experiences heavy rainfall in the country compared to other parts. Hence implementation of Rainwater Harvesting scheme in those regions will be a better choice to store water. A Case study on rainwater harvesting in sloped roof houses available in northeast India is done in this paper. Water scarcity problems can be minimised if rain water harvesting techniques are implemented in all households.
Rainwater Harvesting
Scarcity
Water source
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Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting, storing, and reusing rainwater. Different kinds of rainwater harvesting techniques have been used in developed and developing countries. Singapore, for instances, which has limited land sources and high demand of water, use rainwater harvesting technique on the high-rise buildings' roofs to get an alternative source of water. Also, in Japan, rainwater harvesting technique has been applied to residential areas and able to provide clean water for t oilet flushing, firefighter, and water supply in an emergency case. Nonetheless, rainwater management in Jakarta, compared to the countries mentioned above, is obviously left behind. With the high rainfall intensity, buildings in Jakarta are quietly possible to apply the rainwater harvesting technique. This paper is trying to analyse the potential of rainwater harvesting application in Jakarta. Starting from house buildings, the paper uses numerical calculation to study the environmental benefits of the rainwater harvesting implementation. The case study was taken in Gading Griya Residence, North Jakarta. The calculation results show that rainwater harvesting scheme can provide enough water supply for washing, flushing, fire extinguishing, and drinking water.
Rainwater Harvesting
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Dhanbad is one of the water scarce cities in India. Depending on precipitation intensity, rainwater constitutes a potential source of drinking water. Rainwater harvesting is the technology where surface runoff is effectively collected and stored. Harvested rainwater can then be used for drinking or for ground water recharge. Unless a proper water storage method is adopted, the rainwater harvesting may not be effective. This paper deals with a case study of rain water harvesting method adopted in Dhanbad city of Jharkhand state.
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Rainwater Harvesting
Water source
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Water is an inorganic component, which covers about 3/4th of the earth's surface, but only 3 percent of it is available to man for use. The remaining 97 percent of water found in oceans is full of soluble salts, being unfit for human use and consumption. Rainwater is free source of nearly pure water. The concept of rainwater harvesting lies in tapping the rainwater it falls. The present study was conducted in houses of Udaipur city. In order to find out the water management practices adopted by the families, a sample of 100 households was selected. Out of the total samples, 30 houses were selected purposively for commissioning the rainwater harvesting system and the rooftop rainwater harvesting potential was also calculated among these 30 households. Field experiment was conducted for quantitative analysis of harvested rooftop rainwater in houses which reveals that rooftop rainwater harvesting system is very effective measure in increasing the quantity of water in borewells as compared to those borewells without having the rainwater harvesting system attached to them. The availability of water per day was found to be higher i.e. 269 litres in those houses where the rainwater harvesting potential was also higher i.e. 98.32 m3, as the catchment area of these houses was found to be more (186 sq m.) as compared to other houses.
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