Role of Clinically Indicated Transbronchial Lung Biopsies in the Management of Pediatric Post–Lung Transplant Patients
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Lung biopsy
Vital capacity
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We propose a remote non-invasive approach to Pulmonary Function Testing using a time-of-flight depth sensor (Microsoft Kinect V2), and correlate our results to clinical-standard spirometry results. Given point clouds, we approximate 3D models of the subject's chest, estimate the volume throughout a sequence and construct volume-time and flow-time curves for two prevalent spirometry tests: Forced Vital Capacity and Slow Vital Capacity. From these, we compute clinical measures, such as FVC, FEV1, VC and IC. We correlate automatically extracted measures with clinical spirometry tests on 40 patients in an outpatient hospital setting. These demonstrate high within-test correlations.
Vital capacity
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Objective To investigate the relationship between pulmonary hemorrhage and pneumothorax in patients undergoing lung biopsy.Materials and Methods CT guided lung biopsy was performed in 168 patients using 18 Gauge semi-automatic slot cutting biopsy needle.Results Pneumothorax was found in 63 cases(37.5%) after lung biopsy,and pulmonary hemorrhage was seen in 76 cases(45.2%).Pulmonary hemorrhage negatively associated with the presence of pneumothorax(P0.01).Incidence of pneumothorax decreased in patients with pulmonary hemorrhage after lung biopsy(P0.05).Conclusion Pulmonary hemorrhage around the biopsy site might decrease the risk of pneumothorax in patients undergoing lung biopsy.
Pulmonary hemorrhage
Lung biopsy
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Spirometry is the most common type of pulmonary function or breathing test. It is one of the most readily available and useful tests for pulmonary function. It measures the volume of air exhaled at specific time points during complete exhalation by force, which is preceded by a maximal inhalation. The most important variables reported include total exhaled volume, known as the forced vital capacity (FVC), the volume exhaled in the first second, known as the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC).The test can play an important role in diagnosing and managing many lung problems. It can help distinguish between diseases with similar symptoms and determine whether the condition is obstructive and/or restrictive.
Exhalation
Vital capacity
Small airways
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Pulmonary function tests provide important clinical information in patients with pulmonary disease. Spirometry gives accurate, rapid information regarding the presence or absence of obstructive or restrictive lung disease and the response to bronchodilators. Particular attention to technique is necessary for valid results. Further information on pulmonary function is provided by the measurement of static lung volumes by dilution techniques or body plethysmography; in some instances lung compliance measurements are indicated.
Plethysmograph
Pulmonary compliance
Restrictive lung disease
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Asthma management
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Objective: Chronic allograft disease after lung transplantation (CLAD) remains one of the major problems in long-term cause of these patients. Home spirometry is routinely used for the assessment of acute pulmonary events and the development of CLAD. Nevertheless the evidence for home spirometry in lung transplantation is rare. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical impact of home spirometry in patients with CLAD.
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Even when treated adequately, pulmonary tuberculosis can lead to pulmonary sequelae. Patients treated for PTB between 2012 and 2016 answered a standardized questionnaire and underwent chest radiography and spirometry, measurement of absolute pulmonary volume, Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide (DLCO) and the 6-min walk test (6MWT) on two occasions: within the first year after the end of treatment (follow-up 1), and one and two years after follow-up 1 (follow-up 2). A total of 55 patients they underwent spirometry, 23 (41.82%) had obstructive ventilatory disorder (OVD) and eight (14.5%) had moderate OVD. In total, 29 patients underwent pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and 24 patients underwent the 6MWT on two occasions. The functional changes after PTB treatment appear not to have varied between one and two years of follow-up. There was a correlation between low FEV1 and low DLCO (p<0.001); low DLCO and low 6MWT (p<0.001) and radiographic abnormalities and low FEV1 (p=0.033). The most frequently observed change in spirometry was found in patients with OVD.
DLCO
Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity
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The spirometry has been most valuable pulmonary function test and it defines pulmonary physiology. But the spirometry has not been widely used by general physicians in Japan. The spirometry is effort-dependent test, so, they seem to keep it at a distance. It's desirable that pulmonary function tests are effort-independent. We introduce some effort-independent pulmonary function tests and refer to analysis of exhaled breath condensate.
Exhaled air
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